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Cited by 10T-cell and B-cell ImmunologyAntifungal resistance and susceptibilityFungal Infections and Studies

Tissue-resident memory T cells in antifungal immunity.

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LeibundGut-Landmann, Salomé·2021·Frontiers in Immunology
DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2021.693055PMC PMC8185520
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Abstract

Fungi are an integral part of the mammalian microbiota colonizing most if not all mucosal surfaces and the skin. Maintaining stable colonization on these surfaces is critical for preventing fungal dysbiosis and infection, which in some cases can lead to life threatening consequences. The epithelial barriers are protected by T cells and additional controlling immune mechanisms. Noncirculating memory T cells that reside stably in barrier tissues play an important role for host protection from commensals and recurrent pathogens due to their fast response and local activity, which provides them a strategic advantage. So far, only a few specific examples of tissue resident memory T cells (TRMs) that act against fungi have been reported. This review provides an overview of the characteristics and functional attributes of TRMs that have been established based on human and mouse studies with various microbes. It highlights what is currently known about fungi specific TRMs mediating immunosurveillance, how they have been targeted in preclinical vaccination approaches and how they can promote immunopathology, if not controlled. A better appreciation of the host protective and damaging roles of TRMs might accelerate the development of novel tissue specific preventive strategies against fungal infections and fungi-driven immunopathologies.

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  • Effector T cells play a critical role in the host's defense during reinfection with C. albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Leishmania major, and HSV.

    “Effector T cells play a critical role in the host’s defense during reinfection with C. albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Leishmania major, and HSV [28,30–35].”

    From The Emerging Fungal Pathogen Candida auris Induces IFNγ to Colonize the Skin (2025) · cites this paper as [30]

    In “What Are the Functional Attributes of TRMs” (page unavailable), the review says tissue-resident memory T cells rapidly control infection after re-exposure and describes protective C. albicans-responsive cells. It also discusses antiviral activity against HSV-1 reactivation, but does not establish the full claim about defense during reinfection with all four named pathogens. Its mention of S. aureus concerns atopic dermatitis, not protective reinfection immunity. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • IL-17-producing TRM cells play a critical role in host defense against C. albicans during reinfection.

    “Previous findings suggest that IL-17-producing TRM cells play a critical role in host defense against C. albicans during reinfection [30–33,36].”

    From The Emerging Fungal Pathogen Candida auris Induces IFNγ to Colonize the Skin (2025) · cites this paper as [30]

    The ‘What Are the Functional Attributes of TRMs?’ section (page unavailable) reports that C. albicans-responsive TRM cells produce IL-17 and links them to host protection in barrier tissues. It discusses these cells in persistent colonization and immunosurveillance, however, rather than establishing a critical role against C. albicans during reinfection. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Th17 cells play a critical role in host defense against C. albicans.

    “Th17 cells play a critical role in host defense against C. albicans [30–33,36], whereas Th1 cells protect the host against reinfection from HSV and L. major [34,35].”

    From The Emerging Fungal Pathogen Candida auris Induces IFNγ to Colonize the Skin (2025) · cites this paper as [30]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
LeibundGut-Landmann, S.
Venue
Frontiers in Immunology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2021-05-25
Volume
12
Pages
693055-693055
ISSN
1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fimmu.2021.693055
PMC
PMC8185520
OpenAlex
W3165381571
Cited by
10
References
12
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2
FWCI
0.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
Funders
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (310030_189255)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
Keywords
tissue-resident memory T cells, antifungal immunity, fungal infection, mucosal immunity, skin microbiome, fungal dysbiosis, immune surveillance, immunopathology, commensal fungi
MeSH terms
Memory T Cells, Animals, Fungal Vaccines, Fungi, Humans, Immunologic Memory, Mycoses, Phenotype, Host-Pathogen Interactions

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