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Cited by 27Viral Infections and Immunology ResearchImmune Response and InflammationCardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling

Role of Toll-Like Receptors and Th Responses in Viral Myocarditis

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Zheng, Shi-Yue, Dong, Jian-Zeng·2022·Frontiers in Immunology
DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843891PMC PMC9062100
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Abstract

Myocarditis is the common cause of sudden cardiac death, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and heart failure (HF) in young adults. The most common type of myocarditis is viral myocarditis (VMC). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are vital to identify pathogens in vivo. TLRs promote the differentiation of naive CD4+T cells to T helper (Th) cells, activate the immune response, and participate in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and allergic diseases. Although the pathogenesis of VMC is unclear, autoimmune responses have been confirmed to play a significant role; hence, it could be inferred that VMC is closely related to TLRs and Th responses. Some drugs have been found to improve the prognosis of VMC by regulating the immune response through activated TLRs. In this review, we discuss the role of TLRs and Th responses in VMC.

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  • Following infection, viruses and heart antigens resulting from cardiac damage trigger innate immune responses by engaging TLRs, potentially leading to activation of antiviral adaptive immunity and B cells and T cells targeting cardiac autoantigens.

    “Following infection, viruses and heart antigens resulting from cardiac damage trigger innate immune responses by engaging TLRs, potentially leading to the activation of antiviral adaptive immunity and B cells and T cells targeting cardiac autoantigens”

    From Autoimmune Myocarditis, Old Dogs and New Tricks. (2024) · cites this paper as [149]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Zheng, S.-Y., & Dong, J.-Z.
Affiliations
Capital Medical University (CN)
Venue
Frontiers in Immunology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2022-04-19
Volume
13
Pages
843891-843891
ISSN
1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fimmu.2022.843891
PMC
PMC9062100
OpenAlex
W4224255232
Cited by
27
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6
FWCI
1.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
Keywords
viral myocarditis, Toll-like receptors, T helper cells, CD4+ T cell differentiation, autoimmune myocarditis, sudden cardiac death, dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, immunomodulators, pathogenesis
MeSH terms
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, Coxsackievirus Infections, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, Humans, Myocarditis, Virus Diseases, Toll-Like Receptors

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