Update on coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To present recent findings on the pathogenesis of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) myocarditis based on animal models, with a focus on the role of T helper (Th) immune responses in disease progression. RECENT FINDINGS: Acute CVB3 myocarditis is known to be increased by Th1 immune responses, but recent findings indicate that Th1-type immunity protects against acute myocarditis by reducing viral replication and prevents the progression to chronic myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) by inhibiting Th2 responses. Th2 responses reduce acute myocarditis by inhibiting Th1 responses via regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines, but can be deleterious when they induce acute cardiac remodeling leading to chronic myocarditis/DCM. Th2-skewed immune responses allow resistant strains of mice to progress from myocarditis to DCM. In contrast, Th17 responses are elevated during acute and chronic myocarditis and have been found to contribute to cardiac remodeling and DCM. SUMMARY: Recent data indicate that elevated Th2 and Th17 responses during acute CVB3 myocarditis are critical for the progression from myocarditis to DCM and heart failure because of their ability to induce cardiac remodeling. Th1 responses protect against CVB3 myocarditis by inhibiting Th2 responses and viral replication, but increase acute inflammation.
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- Authors
- Fairweather, D., Stafford, K. A., & Sung, Y. K.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fairweather, DeLisa
- ORCID
- Fairweather, DeLisa
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Rheumatology
- Published
- 2012-07
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 401-407
- ISSN
- 1040-8711 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4536812
- OpenAlex
- W2312220900
- Cited by
- 165
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Rheumatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL087033, R01HL111938)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (T32ES007141)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Keywords
- coxsackievirus B3, viral myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, Th1 response, Th2 immune response, Th17 cells, regulatory T cells, cardiac remodeling, heart failure, viral replication
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autoimmune Diseases, Coxsackievirus Infections, Disease Models, Animal, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, Myocarditis, Enterovirus B, Human, Mice
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