Neuroprotective Roles of the Reverse Transsulfuration Pathway in Alzheimer’s Disease
Open accessAbstract
The reverse transsulfuration pathway has emerged as a central hub that integrates the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids and redox homeostasis. Transsulfuration involves the transfer of sulfur from homocysteine to cysteine. Cysteine serves as the precursor for several sulfur-containing molecules, which play diverse roles in cellular processes. Recent evidence shows that disruption of the flux through the pathway has deleterious consequences. In this review article, I will discuss the actions and regulation of the reverse transsulfuration pathway and its links to other metabolic pathways, which are disrupted in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The potential nodes of therapeutic intervention are also discussed, which may pave the way for the development of novel treatments.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
GSH plays a pivotal role in maintaining intracellular redox balance.
“As a key endogenous non-protein biological thiol, GSH plays a pivotal role in maintaining intracellular redox balance218.”
From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [218]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Glenner, G. G., & Wong, C. W. (1984) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(84)80190-4 · Cited by 5,404 · see citing works
Amyloid plaque core protein in Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome.
Masters, C. L., Simms, G., Weinman, N. A., Multhaup, G., McDonald, B. L., & Beyreuther, K. (1985) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.82.12.4245 · Cited by 4,431 · see citing works
Clinical and biomarker changes in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease
Bateman, R. J., Xiong, C., Benzinger, T. L. S., Fagan, A. M., Goate, A., Fox, N. C., Marcus, D. S., Cairns, N. J., Xie, X., Blazey, T. M., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1202753 · Cited by 3,814 · see citing works
Sies, H., Berndt, C., & Jones, D. P. (2017) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-045037 · Cited by 3,520 · see citing works
Plasma Homocysteine as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease
Seshadri, S., Beiser, A., Selhub, J., Jacques, P. F., Rosenberg, I. H., D'Agostino, R. B., Wilson, P. W. F., & Wolf, P. A. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa011613 · Cited by 3,237 · see citing works
Alzheimer Disease: An Update on Pathobiology and Treatment Strategies
Long, J. M., & Holtzman, D. M. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.001 · Cited by 3,204 · see citing works
Excitatory Amino Acids as a Final Common Pathway for Neurologic Disorders
Epstein, F. H., Lipton, S. A., & Rosenberg, P. A. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199403033300907 · Cited by 2,644 · see citing works
Lane, C. A., Hardy, J., & Schott, J. M. (2018) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.13439 · Cited by 2,616 · see citing works
2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2020) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12068 · Cited by 2,353 · see citing works
Yang, G., Wu, L., Jiang, B., Yang, W., Qi, J., Cao, K., Meng, Q., Mustafa, A. K., Mu, W., Zhang, S., et al. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1162667 · Cited by 2,310 · see citing works
Villemagne, V. L., Burnham, S., Bourgeat, P., Brown, B., Ellis, K. A., Salvado, O., Szoeke, C., Macaulay, S. L., Martins, R., Maruff, P., et al. (2013) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70044-9 · Cited by 2,279 · see citing works
The possible role of hydrogen sulfide as an endogenous neuromodulator
Abe, K., & Kimura, H. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-03-01066.1996 · Cited by 2,216 · see citing works
Physiological Implications of Hydrogen Sulfide: A Whiff Exploration That Blossomed
Wang, R. (2012) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00017.2011 · Cited by 1,939 · see citing works
Oxidative Damage Is the Earliest Event in Alzheimer Disease
Nunomura, A., Perry, G., Aliev, G., Hirai, K., Takeda, A., Balraj, E. K., Jones, P. K., Ghanbari, H., Wataya, T., Shimohama, S., et al. (2001) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/60.8.759 · Cited by 1,885 · see citing works
Masters, C. L., Bateman, R., Blennow, K., Rowe, C. C., Sperling, R. A., & Cummings, J. L. (2015) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2015.56 · Cited by 1,853 · see citing works
Microtubule-associated protein tau. A component of Alzheimer paired helical filaments.
Grundke, I., Iqbal, K., Quinlan, M., Tung, Y. C., Zaidi, M. S., & Wisniewski, H. M. (1986) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)38495-8 · Cited by 1,780 · see citing works
Alzheimer’s disease drug-development pipeline: Few candidates, frequent failures
Cummings, J. L., Morstorf, T., & Zhong, K. (2014) · Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/alzrt269 · Cited by 1,744 · see citing works
Blockade of N -Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors May Protect Against Ischemic Damage in the Brain
Simon, R. P., Swan, J. H., Griffiths, T., & Meldrum, B. S. (1984) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6093256 · Cited by 1,682 · see citing works
Toxic DNA damage by hydrogen peroxide through the Fenton reaction in vivo and in vitro
Imlay, J. A., Chin, S. M., & Linn, S. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2834821 · Cited by 1,555 · see citing works
Kosik, K. S., Joachim, C. L., & Selkoe, D. J. (1986) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.83.11.4044 · Cited by 1,462 · see citing works
Folate, Vitamin B12, and Serum Total Homocysteine Levels in Confirmed Alzheimer Disease
Clarke, R., Smith, A. D., Jobst, K. A., Refsum, H., Sutton, L., & Ueland, P. M. (1998) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.55.11.1449 · Cited by 1,408 · see citing works
Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Genes and Mechanisms of Disease Pathogenesis
Karch, C. M., & Goate, A. M. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.05.006 · Cited by 1,357 · see citing works
The role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases
Kim, G. H., Kim, J. E., Rhie, S. J., & Yoon, S. (2015) · Experimental Neurobiology · doi:10.5607/en.2015.24.4.325 · Cited by 1,355 · see citing works
H 2 S Signals Through Protein S-Sulfhydration
Mustafa, A. K., Gadalla, M. M., Sen, N., Kim, S., Mu, W., Gazi, S. K., Barrow, R. K., Yang, G., Wang, R., & Snyder, S. H. (2009) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.2000464 · Cited by 1,235 · see citing works
Huang, X., Atwood, C., Hartshorn, M. A., Multhaup, G., Goldstein, L. E., Scarpa, R. C., Cuajungco, M. P., Gray, D. N., Lim, J. T., Moir, R. D., et al. (1999) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi990438f · Cited by 1,107 · see citing works
3-Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase Produces Hydrogen Sulfide and Bound Sulfane Sulfur in the Brain
Shibuya, N., Tanaka, M., Yoshida, M., Ogasawara, Y., Togawa, T., Ishii, K., & Kimura, H. (2008) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2008.2253 · Cited by 920 · see citing works
H2S signalling through protein sulfhydration and beyond
Paul, B. D., & Snyder, S. H. (2012) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm3391 · Cited by 849 · see citing works
Self-citationNeurotoxicity associated with dual actions of homocysteine at the N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor
Lipton, S. A., Kim, W.-K., Choi, Y., Kumar, S., D’Emilia, D. M., Posina, V. R., Arnelle, D. R., & Stamler, J. S. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.11.5923 · Cited by 845 · see citing works
Kruman, I. I., Culmsee, C., Chan, S. L., Kruman, Y., Guo, Z., Penix, L., & Mattson, M. P. (2000) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-18-06920.2000 · Cited by 784 · see citing works
Cu(II) Potentiation of Alzheimer Aβ Neurotoxicity
Huang, X., Cuajungco, M. P., Atwood, C. S., Hartshorn, M. A., Tyndall, J. D. A., Hanson, G. R., Stokes, K. C., Leopold, M., Multhaup, G., Goldstein, L. E., et al. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.52.37111 · Cited by 762 · see citing works
Durga, J., van Boxtel, M. P., Schouten, E. G., Kok, F. J., Jolles, J., Katan, M. B., & Verhoef, P. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60109-3 · Cited by 758 · see citing works
Wood, J. G., Mirra, S. S., Pollock, N. J., & Binder, L. I. (1986) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.83.11.4040 · Cited by 749 · see citing works
Stipanuk, M. H., & Beck, P. W. (1982) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2060267 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Oxidative stress in the progression of Alzheimer disease in the frontal cortex
Ansari, M. A., & Scheff, S. W. (2010) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e3181cb5af4 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Vermunt, L., Sikkes, S. A. M., van den Hout, A., Handels, R., Bos, I., van der Flier, W. M., Kern, S., Ousset, P., Maruff, P., Skoog, I., et al. (2019) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2019.04.001 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
A novel pathway for the production of hydrogen sulfide from D-cysteine in mammalian cells
Shibuya, N., Koike, S., Tanaka, M., Ishigami‐Yuasa, M., Kimura, Y., Ogasawara, Y., Fukui, K., Nagahara, N., & Kimura, H. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2371 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Homocysteine, B Vitamins, and Cognitive Impairment
Smith, A. D., & Refsum, H. (2016) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050947 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Obeid, R., & Herrmann, W. (2006) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.04.088 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Neuronal glutathione deficiency and age-dependent neurodegeneration in the EAAC1 deficient mouse
Aoyama, K., Suh, S. W., Hamby, A. M., Liu, J., Chan, W. Y., Chen, Y., & Swanson, R. A. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1609 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Vitamin B 12 , folate, and the methionine remethylation cycle—biochemistry, pathways, and regulation
Froese, D. S., Fowler, B., & Baumgartner, M. R. (2019) · Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease · doi:10.1002/jimd.12009 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Alzheimer's disease: the two-hit hypothesis.
Zhu, X.-W., Raina, A., Perry, G., & Smith, M. A. (2004) · Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(04)00707-0 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Krishnan, N., Fu, C., Pappin, D., & Tonks, N. K. (2011) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.2002329 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Cystathionine γ-lyase deficiency mediates neurodegeneration in Huntington’s disease
Paul, B. D., Sbodio, J. I., Xu, R., Vandiver, M. S., Cha, J. Y., Snowman, A. M., & Snyder, S. H. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13136 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Self-citationSelective Persulfide Detection Reveals Evolutionarily Conserved Antiaging Effects of S-Sulfhydration
Živanović, J., Kouroussis, E., Kohl, J. B., Adhikari, B., Bursać, B. N., Schott-Roux, S., Petrovic, D., Miljković, J. L., Thomas‐López, D., Jung, Y., et al. (2019) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.10.007 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Self-citationHomocysteine and Dementia: An International Consensus Statement
Smith, A. D., Refsum, H., Bottiglieri, T., Fenech, M. F., Hooshmand, B., McCaddon, A., Miller, J. W., Rosenberg, I. H., & Obeid, R. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-171042 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Cysteine Metabolism in Neuronal Redox Homeostasis
Paul, B. D., Sbodio, J. I., & Snyder, S. H. (2018) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2018.02.007 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Self-citationHydrogen Sulfide Induces Cyclic AMP and Modulates the NMDA Receptor
Kimura, H. (2000) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.1915 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Sulfhydration mediates neuroprotective actions of parkin
Vandiver, M. S., Paul, B. D., Xu, R., Karuppagounder, S. S., Rao, F., Snowman, A. M., Ko, H. S., Lee, Y. I., Dawson, V. L., Dawson, T. M., et al. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2623 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Self-citationBrain Glutathione Levels – A Novel Biomarker for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease
Mandal, P. K., Saharan, S., Tripathi, M., & Murari, G. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.04.005 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Chen, X., Jhee, K.-H., & Kruger, W. D. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.c400481200 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Ratan, R., Murphy, T., & Baraban, J. (1994) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-07-04385.1994 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Effects of hydrogen sulfide on mitochondrial function and cellular bioenergetics
Paul, B. D., Snyder, S. H., & Kashfi, K. (2020) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101772 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Self-citationGiovinazzo, D., Bursać, B. N., Sbodio, J. I., Nalluru, S., Vignane, T., Snowman, A. M., Albacarys, L. M., Sedlak, T. W., Torregrossa, R., Whiteman, M., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2017225118 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Self-citationBrain S‐Adenosylmethionine Levels Are Severely Decreased in Alzheimer's Disease
Morrison, L. D., Smith, D. D., & Kish, S. J. (1996) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67031328.x · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Giuliani, D., Ottani, A., Zaffe, D., Galantucci, M., Strinati, F., Lodi, R., & Guarini, S. (2013) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.05.006 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide signaling in neuronal health and disease
Paul, B. D., & Snyder, S. H. (2017) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2017.11.019 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Self-citationMorikawa, T., Kajimura, M., Nakamura, T., Hishiki, T., Nakanishi, T., Yukutake, Y., Nagahata, Y., Ishikawa, M., Hattori, K., Takenouchi, T., et al. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1119658109 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Enokido, Y., Suzuki, E., Iwasawa, K., Namekata, K., Okazawa, H., & Kimura, H. (2005) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.05-3724fje · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Peripheral Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease
Torres, L. H., Quaglio, N. B., de Souza, G. T., Garcia, R. C. T., Dati, L. M. M., Moreira, W. L., Loureiro, A. P. D. M., Souza‐Talarico, J. N., Smid, J., Porto, C. S., et al. (2011) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2011-110284 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Yao, M., Nguyen, T. V., & Pike, C. J. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4736-04.2005 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Elevated levels of homocysteine compromise blood-brain barrier integrity in mice
Kamath, A. F., Chauhan, A. K., Kisucka, J., Dole, V. S., Loscalzo, J., Handy, D. E., & Wagner, D. D. (2005) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-06-2506 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Mandal, P. K., Tripathi, M., & Sugunan, S. (2011) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.047 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Amyloid-β and τ serve antioxidant functions in the aging and Alzheimer brain
Smith, M. A., Casadesús, G., Joseph, J. A., & Perry, G. L. (2002) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(02)01021-3 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Joosten, E., Lesaffre, E. M. E. H., Riezler, R., Ghekiere, V., Dereymaeker, L., Pelemans, W., & Dejaeger, E. W. (1997) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/52a.2.m76 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Hypoxia, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation: Three Faces of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Merelli, A., Repetto, M. G., Lazarowski, A., & Auzmendi, J. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-201074 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Amyloid-β is an antioxidant for lipoproteins in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma
Kontush, A., Berndt, C., Weber, W., Akopyan, V., Arlt, S., Schippling, S., & Beisiegel, U. (2001) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00458-5 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Chronic oxidative stress causes increased tau phosphorylation in M17 neuroblastoma cells
Su, B., Wang, X., Lee, H., Tabaton, M., Perry, G. L., Smith, M. A., & Zhu, X. (2009) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.11.010 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Kontush, A. (2001) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00688-8 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Bermejo‐Bescós, P., Martín‐Aragón, S., Benedı́, J., Susín, C., Felici, E., Gil, P., Ribera, J. M., & Villar, Á. (2008) · Free Radical Research · doi:10.1080/10715760701861373 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Functional methionine synthase deficiency (cblE and cblG): Clinical and biochemical heterogeneity
Watkin, D., & Rosenblatt, D. S. (1989) · American Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320340320 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Kamat, P. K., Kyles, P., Kalani, A., & Tyagi, N. (2015) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-015-9212-4 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Dedeoglu, A., Choi, J., Cormier, K., Kowall, N. W., & Jenkins, B. G. (2004) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.02.079 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Underwood, B. R., Imarisio, S., Fleming, A., Rose, C., Krishna, G., Heard, P. L., Quick, M., Korolchuk, V. I., Renna, M., Sarkar, S., et al. (2010) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddq253 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Oxidative Imbalance in Alzheimer's Disease
Zhu, X., Lee, H., Casadesús, G., Ávila, J., Drew, K. L., Perry, G. L., & Smith, M. A. (2005) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1385/mn:31:1-3:205 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Betaine attenuates Alzheimer‐like pathological changes and memory deficits induced by homocysteine
Chai, G., Jiang, X., Ni, Z.-F., Ma, Z., Xie, A., Cheng, X., Wang, Q., Wang, J., & Liu, G. (2012) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.12094 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Production of the gaseous signal molecule hydrogen sulfide in mouse tissues
Linden, D. R., Sha, L., Mazzone, A., Stoltz, G. J., Bernard, C. E., Furne, J. K., Levitt, M. D., Farrugia, G., & Szurszewski, J. H. (2008) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05502.x · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Ma, F., Wu, T., Zhao, J., Ji, L., Song, A., Zhang, M., & Huang, G. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9070725 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Sbodio, J. I., Snyder, S. H., & Paul, B. D. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1717877115 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular Basis of Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on Mitochondria
Oliver, D. M. A., & Reddy, P. H. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-190048 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Neuronal failure in Alzheimer’s disease: a view through the oxidative stress looking-glass
Bonda, D., Wang, X., Lee, H., Smith, M. A., Perry, G. L., & Zhu, X. (2014) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-013-1424-x · Cited by 113 · see citing works
ELEVATED HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS IN ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL
Bleich, S. (2000) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/35.4.351 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Castro, R., Rivera, I. A., Ravasco, P., Jakobs, C., Blom, H. J., Camilo, M., & de Almeida, I. T. (2003) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcg039 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
S-Adenosylmethionine Is Decreased in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
Linnebank, M., Popp, J., Smulders, Y. M., Smith, D. E. C., Semmler, A., Farkas, M., Kulic, L., Cvetanovska, G., Blom, H. J., Stoffel‐Wagner, B., et al. (2010) · Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.1159/000309657 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Hodgson, N., Trivedi, M. S., Muratore, C., Li, S., & Deth, R. C. (2013) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-130101 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Age-Dependent and Tissue-Related Glutathione Redox Status in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Zhang, C., Rodríguez, C., Spaulding, J., Aw, T. Y., & Feng, J. (2012) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2011-111244 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Zhao, F., Fang, F., Qiao, P., Yan, N., Gao, D., & Yan, Y. (2016) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2016/8360738 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Xq, L., Liu, X.-Q., Jiang, P., Huang, H., & Yan, Y. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Mitochondrial Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress and Alzheimer Disease
Butterfield, D. A., & Boyd-Kimball, D. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox9090818 · Cited by 85 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The mutations that elevate homocysteine include 677C > T, 1298A > C (Castro et al., 2003).”
BackgroundGender differences in glutathione metabolism in Alzheimer's disease
Liu, H., Harrell, L. E., Shenvi, S. V., Hagen, T. M., & Liu, R.-M. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.20424 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Transcriptional control of amino acid homeostasis is disrupted in Huntington’s disease
Sbodio, J. I., Snyder, S. H., & Paul, B. D. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1608264113 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, J., & Hegele, R. A. (2003) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-003-0906-8 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Modes of Physiologic H 2 S Signaling in the Brain and Peripheral Tissues
Paul, B. D., & Snyder, S. H. (2014) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2014.5917 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive Improvement with Glutathione Supplement in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Way Forward
Mandal, P. K., Shukla, D., Tripathi, M., & Ersland, L. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-181054 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Lee, S., Lemere, C. A., Frost, J. L., & Shea, T. B. (2012) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2011-111025 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Cystathionine γ-lyase: Clinical, metabolic, genetic, and structural studies
Kraus, J. P., Hašek, J., Kožich, V., Collard, R., Venezia, S., Janošı́ková, B., Wang, J., Stabler, S. P., Allen, R. H., Jakobs, C., et al. (2009) · Molecular Genetics and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2009.04.001 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Deng, Y., Liu, H., Yin, C., Li, X., & Gong, Q. (2016) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2016.11.002 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Vandini, E., Ottani, A., Zaffe, D., Calevro, A., Canalini, F., Cavallini, G. M., Rossi, R., Guarini, S., & Giuliani, D. (2018) · Pharmacology · doi:10.1159/000494113 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Liu, H., Deng, Y., Gao, J., Liu, Y., Li, W., Shi, J., & Gong, Q. (2015) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/1567205012666150713102326 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Cystathionine β-synthase mutations: effect of mutation topology on folding and activity
Kožich, V., Sokolová, J., Klatovská, V., Krijt, J., Jánošík, M., Jelı́nek, K., & Kraus, J. P. (2010) · Human Mutation · doi:10.1002/humu.21273 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Amyloid-β 42 Activates the Expression of BACE1 Through the JNK Pathway
Guglielmotto, M., Monteleone, D., Giliberto, L., Fornaro, M., Borghi, R., Tamagno, E., & Tabaton, M. (2011) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2011-110884 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Lin, H., Hsieh, H.-M., Chen, Y.-H., & Hu, M. (2009) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2009.03.011 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Arslan, J., Jamshed, H., & Qureshi, H. (2020) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2020.00231 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Single nucleotide polymorphism in CTH associated with variation in plasma homocysteine concentration
Wang, J., Huff, A., Spence, J. D., & Hegele, R. A. (2004) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2004.00250.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Duerson, K. C., Woltjer, R. L., Mookherjee, P., Leverenz, J. B., Montine, T. J., Bird, T. D., Pow, D. V., Rauen, T., & Cook, D. G. (2008) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2008.00186.x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Lima, C. P., Davis, S. R., Mackey, A. D., Scheer, J. B., Williamson, J., & Gregory, J. F. (2006) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/136.8.2141 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Kim, G., Kim, H., Kim, K. N., Son, J. I., Kim, S. Y., Tamura, T., & Chang, N. (2013) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2012-121345 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Gregory, J. F., DeRatt, B., Rios‐Avila, L., Ralat, M. A., & Stacpoole, P. W. (2016) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2015.12.020 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
B-vitamins reduce plasma levels of beta amyloid
Flicker, L. A., Martins, R. N., Thomas, J., Acres, J. M., Taddei, K., Vasikaran, S. D., Norman, P. E., Jamrozik, K. D., & Almeida, O. P. (2006) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.10.007 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Homocysteine concentrations in the cognitive progression of Alzheimer's disease
Farina, N., Jernerén, F., Turner, C., Hart, K. H., & Tabet, N. (2017) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.008 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Martínez de Toda, I., Miguélez, L., Vida, C., Carro, E., & De la Fuente, M. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-190198 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Hyperhomocysteinämie und B-Vitaminmangel bei neurologischen und psychiatrischen Erkrankungen
Herrmann, W., Lorenzl, S., & Obeid, R. (2007) · Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie · doi:10.1055/s-2007-980112 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Yang, Y., Zhao, Y. H., Yu, B., Xu, G., Wang, W., Zhan, J., Tang, Z., Wang, T., & Wei, B. (2016) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.033 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Rahmani, A., Hatefi, M., Dastjerdi, M. M., Zare, M., Imani, A., & Shirazi, D. (2015) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2015.09.016 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
McBreairty, L. E., Robinson, J. L., Harding, S., Randell, E. W., Brunton, J. A., & Bertolo, R. F. P. (2015) · Zeitschrift für Ernährungswissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s00394-015-1049-0 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Homocysteine contribution to DNA damage in cystathionine β-synthase-deficient patients
Vanzin, C. S., Manfredini, V., Marinho, A. E., Biancini, G. B., Ribas, G. S., Deon, M., Wyse, Â. T. D. S., Wajner, M., & Vargas, C. R. (2014) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2014.02.015 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Plasma homocysteine in Alzheimer's disease with or without co-morbid depressive symptoms.
Kitzlerová, E., Fišar, Z., Jirák, R., Zvěřová, M., Hroudová, J., Benaková, H., & Raboch, J. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Impaired Lysosomal Cobalamin Transport in Alzheimer's Disease
Zhao, H., Li, H., Ruberu, K. R., & Garner, B. (2014) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-140681 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Sorolla, M. A., Colman, M. J. R., Vall‐llaura, N., Vived, C., Fernández‐Nogales, M., Lucas, J. J., Ferrer, I., & Cabiscol, E. (2015) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-015-9777-7 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Akahoshi, N., Yokoyama, A., Nagata, T., Miura, A., Kamata, S., & Ishii, I. (2019) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.b19-00127 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Redox imbalance links COVID-19 and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
Paul, B. D., Lemle, M. D., Komaroff, A. L., & Snyder, S. H. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2024358118 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Self-citationLabarrere, C. A., & Kassab, G. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1007816 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
One-Carbon Metabolism: Pulling the Strings behind Aging and Neurodegeneration
Lionaki, E., Ploumi, C., & Tavernarakis, N. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11020214 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Kodam, P., Sai Swaroop, R., Pradhan, S. S., Sivaramakrishnan, V., & Vadrevu, R. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-30892-6 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Protective Roles of Hydrogen Sulfide in Alzheimer’s Disease and Traumatic Brain Injury
Paul, B. D., & Pieper, A. A. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12051095 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationHydrogen sulfide signalling in neurodegenerative diseases
Tripathi, S. J., Chakraborty, S., Miller, E., Pieper, A. A., & Paul, B. D. (2023) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.16170 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationIncreased Risk of Aging-Related Neurodegenerative Disease after Traumatic Brain Injury
Barker, S., Paul, B. D., & Pieper, A. A. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11041154 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationLeko, M. B., Mihelčić, M., Jurasović, J., Perković, M. N., Španić, E., Sekovanić, A., Orct, T., Zubčić, K., Horvat, L. L., Pleić, N., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24010467 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Cysteine metabolism and hydrogen sulfide signaling in Huntington’s disease
Paul, B. D. (2022) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.005 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationPan, Y., Lei, S., Zhang, J., Qu, J., Huang, P., & Lin, J. (2021) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04504 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Design strategies and applications of smart optical probes in the second near-infrared window
Chang, B., Chen, J., Bao, J., Dong, K., Chen, S., & Cheng, Z. (2022) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2022.114637 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Neuroprotective signaling by hydrogen sulfide and its dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease
Paul, B. D., & Pieper, A. A. (2024) · Current Opinion in Chemical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102511 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationSoni, P., Kaidery, N. A., Sharma, S. M., Gazaryan, I. G., Nikulin, S. V., Hushpulian, D. M., & Thomas, B. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1390798 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Rao, S. P., Xie, W., Kwon, Y. I. C., Juckel, N., Xie, J., Dronamraju, V., Vince, R., Lee, M. K., & More, S. S. (2022) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2022.102484 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Yang, Y., Chen, C., Zhan, J., Liu, Q.-S., Liu, Y., Jiang, S.-Z., & Wei, B. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.765664 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Coelho, F. C., Cerchiaro, G., Araújo, S. E. S., Daher, J. P. L., Cardoso, S. A., Coelho, G. F., & Guimarães, A. G. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23147935 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Mo, H., Kim, J., Kim, J. Y., Kim, J. W., Han, H., Choi, S. H., Rim, Y. A., & Ju, J. H. (2023) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-023-00384-8 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Han, J. H., Rey, F. E., & Denu, J. M. (2025) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2025.110521 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Gök, M., Madrer, N., Zorbaz, T., Bennett, E. R., Greenberg, D., Bennett, D. A., & Soreq, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.941467 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Yeom, G. S., Song, I., Park, S. J., Kuwar, A., & Nimse, S. B. (2022) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114074 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics
Xiang, D., Wang, Z., Zheng, H., Tang, Y., & Li, Q. (2026) · Light: Science & Applications · doi:10.1038/s41377-026-02212-w · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“As a key endogenous non-protein biological thiol, GSH plays a pivotal role in maintaining intracellular redox balance 218 .”
Transsulfuration pathway: a targeting neuromodulator in Parkinson’s disease
Corona-Trejo, A., Gonsebatt, M. E., Trejo‐Solís, C., Campos‐Peña, V., Granados, L. I. Q., Villegas‐Vázquez, E. Y., Reyes‐Hernández, O. D., Hernández-Abad, V. J., Figueroa‐González, G., & Silva‐Adaya, D. (2023) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro-2023-0039 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Mitochondria-Microbiota Interaction in Neurodegeneration
Krämer, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.776936 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Filipović, M. R. (2025) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.neurot.2025.e00726 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Chakraborty, S., Tripathi, S. J., Vázquez‐Rosa, E., Chaubey, K., Fujioka, H., Miller, E., Tyagi, R., Vignane, T., Sharma, S. M., Thomas, B., et al. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2528478122 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationMethionine gamma lyase: Structure-activity relationships and therapeutic applications
Raboni, S., Faggiano, S., Bettati, S., & Mozzarelli, A. (2023) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140991 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Rana, A., Katiyar, A., Arun, A., Berríos, J. A. N., & Kumar, G. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1534000 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Tyagi, R., Chakraborty, S., Tripathi, S. J., Jung, I., Kim, S. F., Snyder, S. H., & Paul, B. D. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.107199 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationZhu, R., Chen, Y.-H., Xia, X., Liu, T., Wang, C., Cao, L., Liu, Y., & Lu, M. (2024) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107507 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Anoush, M., Taghaddosi, N., Hosseini, Z. B., Rahmati, F., Bijani, S., Kalantari‐Hesari, A., & Hosseini, M. (2025) · IBRO Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.008 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Jeong, E. K., Selvaraj, B., Clovis, S., Son, Y. J., Park, T. H., Ashokkumar, V., Kim, H.-I., Yoo, K., Lee, J. W., & Park, C. (2022) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.012 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Chahat, Kumar, B., Gupta, S., Wahajuddin, M., & Joshi, G. (2025) · Bioorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2025.108569 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Hensen, T., Ahmad, S., Kastenmüller, G., Kraaij, R., Ghanbari, M., Ikram, M. A., Kaddurah-Daouk, R. F., & Thiele, I. (2024) · Gut Microbes Reports · doi:10.1080/29933935.2024.2443171 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Jinfen, G., Shi, C., Yu, C., Wang, Y., & He, M. (2026) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2026.01.033 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
7,8-Dihydroxyflavone is a direct inhibitor of human and murine pyridoxal phosphatase
Brenner, M., Zink, C., Witzinger, L., Keller, A., Hadamek, K., Bothe, S., Neuenschwander, M., Villmann, C., von Kries, J. P., Schindelin, H., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.93094 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The potential role of hydrogen sulfide-autophagy axis in diseases
Chu, T., Wang, Y.-W., Cao, L., Wang, X., Fan, Y.-Q., Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Si, W.-R., Jiang, Q., & Wu, D. (2025) · Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s13105-025-01128-0 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Aberrant Hydrogen Sulfide Signaling in A lzheimer's Disease
Paul, B. D. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9781119799900.ch18
Self-citationNakanishi, M., Hino, M., & Nomoto, H. (2023) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149152
7,8-Dihydroxyflavone is a direct inhibitor of pyridoxal phosphatasePreprint
Zink, C., Witzinger, L., Keller, A., Hadamek, K., Bothe, S., Neuenschwander, M., Villmann, C., von Kries, J. P., Schindelin, H., Jeanclos, E. M., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.93094.1
7,8-Dihydroxyflavone is a direct inhibitor of pyridoxal phosphatasePreprint
Brenner, M., Zink, C., Witzinger, L., Keller, A., Hadamek, K., Bothe, S., Neuenschwander, M., Villmann, C., von Kries, J. P., Schindelin, H., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.1101/2023.10.04.560852
7,8-Dihydroxyflavone is a direct inhibitor of human and murine pyridoxal phosphatase
Brenner, M., Zink, C., Witzinger, L., Keller, A., Hadamek, K., Bothe, S., Neuenschwander, M., Villmann, C., von Kries, J. P., Schindelin, H., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.93094.3
Mo, H., Kim, J., Kim, J. Y., Kim, J. W., Han, H., Choi, S. H., Rim, Y. A., & Ju, J. H. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24540589
Early Amyloid-β Toxicity Disrupts Nervous System Connectivity During Aging in Caenorhabditis elegansPreprint
Yadav, D. K., Connor, C. W., & Gabel, C. V. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.07.27.740981
- Authors
- Paul, B. D.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Paul, Bindu Diana
- ORCID
- Paul, Bindu Diana
- Venue
- Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-03-16
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 659402-659402
- ISSN
- 1663-4365 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8007787
- OpenAlex
- W3139337054
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 3.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- American Heart Association (19PABH134580006)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Sulfur Compounds in Biology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, neuroprotection, homocysteine, cysteine, sulfur-containing amino acids, redox homeostasis, sulfur metabolism, metabolic pathways, therapeutic target
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review