Cited by 463Phonetics and Phonology ResearchMotor Control and AdaptationNeurobiology of Language and Bilingualism

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Speech Production as State Feedback Control

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Houde, John F., Nagarajan, Srikantan S.·2011·Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

DOI 10.3389/fnhum.2011.00082PMC PMC3200525

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Abstract

Spoken language exists because of a remarkable neural process. Inside a speaker's brain, an intended message gives rise to neural signals activating the muscles of the vocal tract. The process is remarkable because these muscles are activated in just the right way that the vocal tract produces sounds a listener understands as the intended message. What is the best approach to understanding the neural substrate of this crucial motor control process? One of the key recent modeling developments in neuroscience has been the use of state feedback control (SFC) theory to explain the role of the CNS in motor control. SFC postulates that the CNS controls motor output by (1) estimating the current dynamic state of the thing (e.g., arm) being controlled, and (2) generating controls based on this estimated state. SFC has successfully predicted a great range of non-speech motor phenomena, but as yet has not received attention in the speech motor control community. Here, we review some of the key characteristics of speech motor control and what they say about the role of the CNS in the process. We then discuss prior efforts to model the role of CNS in speech motor control, and argue that these models have inherent limitations - limitations that are overcome by an SFC model of speech motor control which we describe. We conclude by discussing a plausible neural substrate of our model.

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Authors: Houde, J. F., & Nagarajan, S. S.
Affiliations: University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author: Houde, John F.
ORCID: Houde, John F.
Nagarajan, Srikantan S.
Venue: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2011
Volume: 5
Pages: 82-82
ISSN: 1662-5161 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2011.00082
PMC: PMC3200525
OpenAlex: W2037506348
Cited by: 463
References: 187
Citations by year: 2026: 61 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 17.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: National Science Foundation
National Institutes of Health
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R01DC006435, R01DC010145)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Keywords: speech motor control, state feedback control, vocal tract dynamics, neural correlates, motor control models, speech production

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Speech Production as State Feedback Control

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