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Cited by 343Neurobiology of Language and BilingualismPhonetics and Phonology ResearchNeuroscience and Music Perception

The contribution of the insula to motor aspects of speech production: A review and a hypothesis

Ackermann, Hermann, Riecker, Axel·2004·Brain and Language
DOI 10.1016/s0093-934x(03)00347-x
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Abstract

Based on clinical and functional imaging data, the left anterior insula has been assumed to support prearticulatory functions of speech motor control such as the "programming" of vocal tract gestures. In order to further elucidate this model, a recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of our group (Riecker, Ackermann, Wildgruber, Dogil, & Grodd, 200) investigated both overt (aloud) and covert (silent) production of highly overlearned word strings ("automatic speech"), based on the suggestion that "inner speech" might provide a "window" into preparatory motor activities (Jeannerod, 1994). As a control condition, subjects were asked to reproduce a nonlyrical tune. In contrast to hemodynamic responses within motor cortex and cerebellum, activation of the intrasylvian cortex turned out to be bound to overt task performance. Rather than prearticulatory processes, these findings suggest the left insula to contribute to the actual coordination of the up to 100 muscles engaged in articulation and phonation. Conceivably, the association of speech production with intrasylvian cortex might have evolved within the framework of phylogenetically older connections between the insula and limbic structures, on the one hand, and nonspeech functions of the upper midline musculature such as swallowing, on the other. Whereas (overt) speech tasks predominantly elicit activation within left anterior insula, reproduction of a nonlyrical tune yielded an opposite response pattern. Conceivably, the opposite distributional pattern of speaking and singing at the level of intrasylvian cortex reflects operation of the two hemispheres across different time domains ("double filtering by frequency theory": left hemisphere=segmental information, right hemisphere=intonation contours of verbal utterances and musical melodies; ). In line with this suggestion, a further study of our group (Ackermann et al., 2001) provided first evidence that differential hemispheric filtering might be bound to insular cortex.

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  • Anterior insular cortex activation precedes and directly influences prefrontal activation during response inhibition and striatal activation during reward anticipation.

    “The notion that the AIC may govern the engagement of specialized brain networks to which it is connected finds support in evidence that activation of the AIC precedes, and directly influences, activation of prefrontal regions during response inhibition [44] and activation of the striatum during reward anticipation [27].”

    From The role of the anterior insula in adolescent decision making (2014) · cites this paper as [27]

  • The anterior insular cortex has been shown to act in cooperation with reward-processing areas including anterior cingulate cortex, striatum, and thalamus, and its involvement with these regions appears dependent on age.

    “Specifically, the AIC has been shown to act in cooperation with several reward-processing areas (ACC, striatum and thalamus [27, 67–69]) and, importantly, its involvement with these regions appears to be dependent on age [69].”

    From The role of the anterior insula in adolescent decision making (2014) · cites this paper as [27]

  • Cho et al. (2013) found that already by adolescence, anterior insular cortex activation can evoke subsequent striatal activation during reward anticipation.

    “For example, Cho et al. [27] (2013) found that, already by adolescence, activation of the AIC is able to evoke subsequent activation within the striatum during anticipation of reward.”

    From The role of the anterior insula in adolescent decision making (2014) · cites this paper as [27]

  • Task-dependent connectivity findings point to developmental changes in the relationship between anterior insular cortex and striatum, but suggest this connection may have reached maturity by midadolescence adequate to support adult-like functions.

    “Task-dependent connectivity findings also point to developmental changes in the relationship between the AIC and the striatum, but suggest that this connection may have reached a state of maturity by midadolescence that is adequate to support adult-like functions [27, 67].”

    From The role of the anterior insula in adolescent decision making (2014) · cites this paper as [27]

  • The strength of connectivity between insula and striatum during reward anticipation did not differ from that of adults.

    “Not only is the relationship between the AIC and striatum established by adolescence, but the strength of connectivity (as indexed by co-activation) between the insula and the striatum during reward anticipation did not differ from that of adults.”

    From The role of the anterior insula in adolescent decision making (2014) · cites this paper as [27]

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Authors
Ackermann, H., & Riecker, A.
Affiliations
University of Tübingen (DE)
Corresponding author
Ackermann, Hermann
ORCID
Ackermann, Hermann
Venue
Brain and Language
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2004-05
Volume
89
Issue
2
Pages
320-328
ISSN
0093-934X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0093-934x(03)00347-x
OpenAlex
W1981179822
Cited by
343
References
54
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 26
FWCI
5.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Brain and Language (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
Keywords
speech motor control, inner speech, covert speech, overt speech, hemispheric lateralization, singing, phonation, swallowing, speech evolution
MeSH terms
Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Dominance, Cerebral, Facial Muscles, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Imagination, Laryngeal Muscles, Limbic System, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Motor Cortex, Music, Pharyngeal Muscles, Phonation, Sound Spectrography, Speech, Speech Perception, Voice, Imaging, Three-Dimensional

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