Cited by 151Immune cells in cancerCancer Cells and MetastasisTGF-β signaling in diseases

Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Cancer and Cancer Immunotherapy

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Raskov, Hans, Orhan, Adile, Gaggar, Shruti, Gögenur, Ismail·2021·Frontiers in Oncology

Abstract

Our understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME), including the interplay between tumor cells, stromal cells, immune cells, and extracellular matrix components, is mandatory for the innovation of new therapeutic approaches in cancer. The cell-cell communication within the TME plays a pivotal role in the evolution and progression of cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are major cell populations in the stroma of all solid tumors and often exert protumorigenic functions; however, the origin and precise functions of CAF and TAM are still incompletely understood. CAF and TAM hold significant potential as therapeutic targets to improve outcomes in oncology when combined with existing therapies. The regulation of CAF/TAM communication and/or their differentiation could be of high impact for improving the future targeted treatment strategies. Nevertheless, there is much scope for research and innovation in this field with regards to the development of novel drugs. In this review, we elaborate on the current knowledge on CAF and TAM in cancer and cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, by focusing on their heterogenous functions in different stages and types of cancer, we explore their role as potential therapeutic targets and highlight certain aspects of their functions that need further research.

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Authors
Raskov, H., Orhan, A., Gaggar, S., & Gögenur, I.
Affiliations
  • Zealand University Hospital Køge (DK)
  • University of Copenhagen (DK)
Corresponding author
Raskov, Hans
Venue
Frontiers in Oncology
Published
2021-05-20
Volume
11
Pages
668731-668731
ISSN
2234-943X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3163457197
Cited by
150
References
184
Citations by year
2026: 29 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 6
FWCI
2.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Frontiers in Oncology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › TGF-β signaling in diseases
Keywords
cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, tumor microenvironment, cancer immunotherapy, tumor stroma, therapeutic target, intercellular communication, extracellular matrix

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