Cited by 1,585Immune cells in cancerPhagocytosis and Immune RegulationAtherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases

Origin and functions of tissue macrophages

Open access
Epelman, Slava, Lavine, Kory J., Randolph, Gwendalyn J.·2014·Immunity

Abstract

Macrophages are distributed in tissues throughout the body and contribute to both homeostasis and disease. Recently, it has become evident that most adult tissue macrophages originate during embryonic development and not from circulating monocytes. Each tissue has its own composition of embryonically derived and adult-derived macrophages, but it is unclear whether macrophages of distinct origins are functionally interchangeable or have unique roles at steady state. This new understanding also prompts reconsideration of the function of circulating monocytes. Classical Ly6c(hi) monocytes patrol the extravascular space in resting organs, and Ly6c(lo) nonclassical monocytes patrol the vasculature. Inflammation triggers monocytes to differentiate into macrophages, but whether resident and newly recruited macrophages possess similar functions during inflammation is unclear. Here, we define the tools used for identifying the complex origin of tissue macrophages and discuss the relative contributions of tissue niche versus ontological origin to the regulation of macrophage functions during steady state and inflammation.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.06.013

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Authors
Epelman, S., Lavine, K. J., & Randolph, G. J.
Affiliations
Washington University in St. Louis (US)
Corresponding author
  • Epelman, Slava
  • Randolph, Gwendalyn J.
Venue
Immunity
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-07
Volume
41
Issue
1
Pages
21-35
ISSN
1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2054540776
Cited by
1,585
References
116
Citations by year
2026: 95 · 2025: 127 · 2024: 152 · 2023: 127 · 2022: 197 · 2021: 168 · 2020: 140 · 2019: 143 · 2018: 138 · 2017: 102 · 2016: 94 · 2015: 89 · 2014: 13
FWCI
9.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Immunity (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI049653)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
Keywords
tissue macrophages, macrophage origin, embryonic development, monocyte-derived macrophages, Ly6C+ monocytes, non-classical monocytes, tissue niche, macrophage function, inflammation, macrophage heterogeneity
MeSH terms
Animals, Antigens, Ly, Cell Differentiation, Central Nervous System, Humans, Inflammation, Lung, Macrophages, Monocytes, Myocardium, Cell Lineage, Mice

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