Ozone Layer Depletion and Emerging Public Health Concerns - An Update on Epidemiological Perspective of the Ambivalent Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure
Open accessAbstract
Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is the primary etiological agent responsible for developing cutaneous malignancies. Avoiding excessive radiation exposure, especially by high-risk groups, is recommended to prevent UV-induced photo-pathologies. However, optimal sun exposure is essential for the healthy synthesis of about 90% of vitamin D levels in the body. Insufficient exposure to UV-B is linked to vitamin D deficiency in humans. Therefore, optimal sun exposure is necessary for maintaining a normal state of homeostasis in the skin. Humans worldwide face a major existential threat because of climate change which has already shown its effects in several ways. Over the last 4 to 5 decades, increased incidences in skin cancer cases have led international health organizations to develop strong sun protection measures. However, at the same time, a growing concern about vitamin D deficiency is creating a kind of exposure dilemma. Current knowledge of UV exposure to skin outweighs the adverse effects than the beneficial roles it offers to the body, necessitating a correct public health recommendation on optimal sun exposure. Following an appropriate recommendation on optimal sun exposure will lead to positive outcomes in protecting humans against the adverse effects of strict recommendations on sun protection measures. In this short review, we spotlight the ambivalent health effects of UV exposure and how ozone layer depletion has influenced these effects of UVR. Further, our aim remains to explore how to lead towards a balanced recommendation on sun protection measures to prevent the spurt of diseases due to inadequate exposure to UV-B.
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Ultraviolet radiation has positive impacts on human skin, including enhancement of melanogenesis that acts as natural sunscreen in dark-skinned people and phototherapeutic treatment of inflamed cutaneous conditions.
“Umar and Tasduq (2022) highlighted the positive impacts of ultraviolet radiation on human skin which ranges from the enhancement of melanogenesis that acts as natural sunscreen inherent in dark-skinned people, to ultraviolet radiation phototherapeutic treatment of inflamed cutaneous conditions.”
From Skin protection from solar ultraviolet radiation using natural compounds: a review (2024) · cites this paper as Umar and Tasduq (2022)
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Ultraviolet Radiation Biological and Medical Implications
Al-Sadek, T., & Yusuf, N. (2024) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb46030126 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“Climate change, marked by increasing temperatures, further modifies UV radiation exposure, with research suggesting that the carcinogenic potential of UV radiation could increase by 5% with each degree Celsius rise in temperature [6].”
BackgroundSkin protection from solar ultraviolet radiation using natural compounds: a review
Verma, A., Zanoletti, A., Kareem, K. Y., Adelodun, B., Kumar, P., Ajibade, F. O., Silva, L. F. O., Phillips, A. J., Kartheeswaran, T., Bontempi, E., et al. (2024) · Environmental Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1007/s10311-023-01649-4 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Environmental Air Pollutants Affecting Skin Functions with Systemic Implications
Bocheva, G., Slominski, R. M., & Slominski, A. T. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241310502 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“This depletion of the O3 layer can impact the dual effects of UVR on skin health [26,169] and likely enhance the risk of skin cancer.”
BackgroundHuang, H., Hsiao, Y., Karmakar, R., Mukundan, A., Chaudhary, P., Hsieh, S.-C., & Wang, H. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15235634 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Grouping strategies for assessing and managing persistent and mobile substances
Chirsir, P., Palm, E. H., Baskaran, S., Schymanski, E., Wang, Z., Wolf, R. L., Hale, S. E., & Arp, H. P. H. (2024) · Environmental Sciences Europe · doi:10.1186/s12302-024-00919-4 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“The toxicity predictions were performed with MS2Tox version 0.3.2 [39].”
MethodInfluentialWatson, T., Tong, M., Bailie, J., Ekanayake, K., & Bailie, R. S. (2024) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2023.12.003 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Alves-Costa, S., Romandini, M., & Nascimento, G. G. (2025) · Journal of Periodontal Research · doi:10.1111/jre.13421 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Lip cancer, strongly associated with sun exposure, may be further exacerbated by climate change and ozone depletion in regions with insufficient atmospheric protection [26].”
Environmental & health impacts of ultraviolet radiation: current trends and mitigation strategies
Mmbando, G. S., & Ngongolo, K. (2024) · Discover Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s43621-024-00698-1 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“…trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) emissions from 2018 to 2019 [85, 86], scientific analyses and satellite data in the last half of the twentieth century showed a concerning rise in UV-B radiation that reached the Earth’s surface, especially in areas where ozone depletion was occurring [27, 40, 42].”
InfluentialImmunotherapy for the Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Potential Benefits and Challenges
Ansary, T. M., Hossain, M. D. R., Komine, M., & Ohtsuki, M. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23158530 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“The incidence of NMSC cases is continuously increasing because of better cancer screening processes, increases in the elderly population, and increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) as a consequence of ozone-layer depletion [4,5].”
BackgroundCore‐Shell Micro‐ and Nano‐Structures for The Modification of Light‐Surface Interactions
Yeo, R. J., Yeo, J. C. C., Tan, S. Y., Sng, A., Tomczak, N., Muiruri, J. K., Wang, S., Wang, P., Thitsartarn, W., Wang, F., et al. (2023) · Advanced Optical Materials · doi:10.1002/adom.202301955 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Air Pollution and Skin Diseases
Han, H. S., Seok, J., & Park, K. Y. (2025) · Annals of Dermatology · doi:10.5021/ad.24.159 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“First, air pollution-driven changes in the O 3 layer have led to more UV irradiation reaching the earth’s surface, thereby increasing skin cancer risk 137 .”
Revisiting the challenges of ozone depletion in Life Cycle Assessment
van den Oever, A. V. D., Puricelli, S., Costa, D., Thonemann, N., Philippot, M. L., & Messagie, M. (2024) · Cleaner Environmental Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cesys.2024.100196 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Oxidative-Stress-Sensitive microRNAs in UV-Promoted Development of Melanoma
Pecorelli, A., & Valacchi, G. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14133224 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Considering that global warming and climate change are further altering the conditions of solar UV radiation on the Earth’s surface, increasing the risk of a range of health effects for humans [16], a deeper understanding of the correlation between miRNAs responsive to UV-induced oxidative stress and the melanomagenes…”
BackgroundArtosi, F., Costanza, G., Prete, M. D., Garofalo, V., Lozzi, F., Dika, E., Cosio, T., Diluvio, L., Shumak, R. G., Lambiase, S., et al. (2024) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2024.118117 · Cited by 21
Mukhlif, Y. A., Ramaha, N. T. A., Hameed, A. A., Salman, M., Yon, D. K., Fitriyani, N. L., Syafrudin, M., & Lee, S. W. (2024) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math12071049 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Oxidative State in Cutaneous Melanoma Progression: A Question of Balance
Benedusi, M., Lee, H., Lim, Y., & Valacchi, G. (2024) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox13091058 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“…ozone layer acts as a natural filter; therefore, its progressive depletion due to industrialization, air pollution, and global warming is associated with an increase in UV radiations reaching the Earth’s surface, causing an increase in melanoma incidence estimated around 4% to 5% annually [111].”
BackgroundMiller, I. J., Stapelberg, M., Rosic, N. N., Hudson, J., Coxon, P., Furness, J., Walsh, J., & Climstein, M. (2023) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.15737 · Cited by 16
“The UV index individuals within Australia experience is greater than those individuals residing within the United States and Europe, based on the continent ’ s geographical locations ( Umar & Tasduq, 2022 ).”
Guo, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Ma, L., Liu, H., & Gao, W. (2023) · Photodermatology Photoimmunology & Photomedicine · doi:10.1111/phpp.12879 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Alvim-Ferraz, M. C. M., Sousa, S. I. V., Martins, F. G., & Ferraz, M. P. (2024) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos15121504 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Liu, J., Xiang, G.-J., Zhang, X., Wei, S., Yue, Z., Xin, M., Dong, F., Guo, X.-S., Huang, M., Zhao, Y., et al. (2024) · Physica. B, Condensed matter · doi:10.1016/j.physb.2024.416685 · Cited by 12
The impact of sunlight exposure on brain structural markers in the UK Biobank
Li, H., Cui, F., Wang, T., Wang, W., & Zhang, D. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-59633-z · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Additionally, worsening air pollution has contributed to the thinning of the ozone layer, reducing its capacity to absorb UV radiation, which may result in increased UV exposure for individuals 10 .”
BackgroundZhang, Y., Ai, C., Huang, F.-Z., Zhao, J.-L., Ling, Y., Chen, W.-J., Li, Z.-Z., Wang, Y., Gao, F., Li, S., et al. (2025) · Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43630-025-00692-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Prolonged exposure to UV irradiation can lead to skin injury, inducing pigmentation, wrinkles, laxity, and even skin carcinoma [25].”
Nitrocellulose‐Passivated SnO2 Thin Film as a Ultraviolet‐C Photodetector
Kaawash, N., Halge, D., Narwade, V., Thabit, M., Khanzode, P. M., Dadge, J., Alegaonkar, P. S., & Bogle, K. (2024) · Advanced Engineering Materials · doi:10.1002/adem.202301602 · Cited by 9
Gao, F., Sun, Y., & Gan, H.-H. (2024) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/s00403-024-03657-y · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“This trend has been compounded by increased outdoor activities, tanning practices, and the thinning ozone layer in some regions, which have led to more intense and frequent UV exposure [45].”
Climstein, M., Hudson, J., Stapelberg, M., Miller, I. J., Rosic, N. N., Coxon, P., Furness, J., & Walsh, J. (2024) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.17674 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kwon, S.-H., Choi, S., Kim, J., Kim, S. S., Jue, M., Seo, S., Park, J., Roh, M., Mun, J.-H., Kim, J., et al. (2024) · Journal of dermatology (Print) · doi:10.1111/1346-8138.17118 · Cited by 7
Wang, L., Chi, Y., Li, J., & Yuan, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1674975 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Green synthesis of antioxidant and low-toxicity gold and silver nanoparticles using floral extracts
Arroyo, G., Angulo, Y., Naranjo, B., Toscano, F., Arias, M., Debut, A., Reinoso, C., Stael, C., Soria, J., & Izquierdo, A. (2025) · OpenNano · doi:10.1016/j.onano.2025.100258 · Cited by 6
Pfleger, T., Ortmayr, K., Steiner, K., Zaher, R., Seiser, S., Elbe‐Bürger, A., Heiß, E. H., & Klang, V. (2025) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125477 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
THE IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Inbit, M. J. O., Alkolany, M. A. E., Kazem, A., Hussein, H., & Brism, R. A. A.-K. M. (2024) · European Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology · doi:10.61796/jmgcb.v1i8.832 · Cited by 6
“A et al., 2013) (Neale et al.2021)(Umar & Tasduq, 2022)(Bernhard et al.2020)(Akhobadze2020)(Egorova et al., 2020) Policy Implications Policies and measures to mitigate impacts on environmental sustainability need to be developed and enforced (Sagini Oribu et al., 2014).”
Ulutaş, O. K., Karadoğan, F., Akgül, S., & Yıldız, Z. (2024) · Phytochemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.phytol.2023.12.008 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Orfanoudaki, M., Alilou, M., Hartmann, A., Mayr, J., Karsten, U., Nguyen-Ngoc, H., & Ganzera, M. (2023) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md21100543 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Paiva, M. L., Yumeen, S., Kahn, B. J., Nan, H., Cho, E., Saliba, E., & Qureshi, A. (2023) · The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine · doi:10.59249/evko3455 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“The rising incidence in KC is hypothesized to be attributable to, in part, increased levels of individual exposure to UV radiation, especially in geographical regions with greater levels of ozone depletion [2,3].”
Inhibition of Tyrosinase and Melanogenesis by a White Mulberry Fruit Extract
Prasawang, N., Sutjarit, N., Sitthipunya, A., Suwannalert, P., Monsuwan, W., & Charoenchon, N. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26157589 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Coleman, M., Khan, P. Y., Linde, L., Williams, P. C. M., & Marais, B. J. (2025) · Current opinion in pediatrics · doi:10.1097/mop.0000000000001442 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“This boundary is not transgressed, but requires ongoing close monitoring given its risk for serious health effects, even if these are somewhat variable effect on 172 – 174].”
Grandi, C., Lancia, A., & D'Ovidio, M. (2023) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos14071183 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Wei, D.-F., Xu, W., & Song, X.-Z. (2025) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-025-03677-y · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“This is attributed to environmental degradation, ozone layer depletion, exposure to radiation, and industrial pollution [ 1, 2 ].”
Castro, L. A. B., Martins, M., & Kock, K. D. S. (2024) · Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia · doi:10.1016/j.abd.2024.05.008 · Cited by 4
Shirkani, P., & Shirkani, A. (2024) · Медицинский журнал Западного Казахстана · doi:10.18502/wkmj.v66i3.15772 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Global warming exacerbates exposure to various carcinogens, including increased UV radiation and elevated levels of air pollutants such as particulate matter (PMs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and ground-level ozone (O 3 ) [12–15].”
BackgroundThe UV Index Color Palette Revisited
Luccini, E., Orte, P. F., Lell, J., Nollas, F., Carbajal, G., & Wolfram, E. (2023) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4353601 · Cited by 4
Enhanced Photostability of PMMA via Functionalization With Aromatic Aldehyde Hydrazone Derivatives
Al-Mashhadani, M., Salman, H., Shubrem, A., Hasan, A. A., Anwer, M. B., Jawad, S. F., Alyami, M. S. S., Alshareef, S., Alhuwaymil, Z., Ahmed, A. A., et al. (2025) · Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology · doi:10.1002/vnl.70022 · Cited by 3
“Therefore, the ground is specifically influenced by a larger portion of UVA and some portion of UVB [12, 13].”
Boron as a hydrogen storage method and its environmental impacts
Tunçbilek, Ö. F., & Nas, İ. (2025) · Journal of Boron · doi:10.30728/boron.1598573 · Cited by 3
Tracking the Future of Global N2O Gas Emissions with Data-Driven Forecasts
Önder, G. T. (2025) · Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics · doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106577 · Cited by 3
Li, X.-M., Ma, Y., Li, R.-M., Ge, Y., & Tang, J.-P. (2026) · Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2026.122557 · Cited by 2
Wang, J.-Q., Xu, D.-D., Lai, Y., Zhao, Y., Jin, Q., Yin, Y., Wang, J.-Q., Wang, Y., Liu, S., & Wang, E.-P. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27020708 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Approximately 30–40% of the global population is at risk of photodamage, especially long-term outdoor workers and residents in high-ultraviolet regions [1,2].”
Aldosary, A. S., Al-Ramadan, B. M., Kafy, A. ‐. A., Alsulamy, S. H., Rahaman, Z. A., & Rahman, M. T. (2025) · Theoretical and Applied Climatology · doi:10.1007/s00704-024-05314-w · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Scientists linked increased UV radiation reaching the Earth’s surface to risks such as higher skin cancer rates, eye damage, and adverse effects on ecosystems (Umar and Tasduq 2022; Anwar et al. 2015).”
Aslam, A., Jamshed, S., Mustafa, A. G., Shanmugham, S., Wazir, A., Hussnain, A., Amjad, M., Bilal, H. M., & Khaledi, Z. M. (2025) · Journal of Skin Cancer · doi:10.1155/jskc/3035274 · Cited by 2
“Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can be considered the leading cause, especially in recent years, due to the reduction in the ozone layer [8].”
Ervianto, E., Marpaung, N. L., Raisal, A. Y., Hutabarat, S., Hassan, R., Siagian, R. C., Nurhalim, N., & Amri, R. (2023) · Indonesian Review of Physics · doi:10.12928/irip.v6i2.8216 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ogunkeyede, A. O., Bankole, A. O., Bosah, A. E., Kikanme, K. N., & Isukuru, E. J. (2025) · Studies in Fungi · doi:10.48130/sif-0025-0017 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
EfficientSkinCaSV2B3: An Efficient Framework Towards Improving Skin Classification and Segmentation
Thanh, Q. L., & Nguyen, T. M. (2024) · International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications · doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2024.0150595 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Moreover, UV radiation exposure has been the primary reason responsible for the development of skin cancer in recent decades [1].”
Backgroundda Silva, E. F., Gotardi, J., de Vargas, A. S., de Oliveira, C. B., Fernandes, K. A. A., Corrêa, L. T., Maito, F. L. D. M., da Silva, G. N. S., Zimmer, A. R., de Souza, A. P. D., et al. (2026) · Natural Product Research · doi:10.1080/14786419.2026.2677179 · Cited by 1
Ibrahim, F. M., Abdelhameed, M. F., Shalaby, E. S., Ragab, N. A., Nagy, A. M., Vilas-Boas, A. A., Ahmed, K. A., Pintado, M. E., & Habbasha, E. S. E. (2026) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.150374 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The impact of climate change on oral health - A multifaceted perspective
Selvan, P., Thavarajah, R., & Ranganathan, K. (2025) · Journal of Global Oral Health · doi:10.25259/jgoh_15_2025 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Touami, Y., Marir, R., Fattori, A., & Lavalle, P. (2025) · Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.scp.2025.102250 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ding, L., Zhang, J., Qiao, S.-P., Xu, J.-Y., Li, J., Zhang, W.-J., Yi, Q.-Y., Wu, Y., Wang, T., & Bian, P. (2025) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms13112626 · Cited by 1
“This phenomenon poses a significant threat to human health and elevates it to a critical global public health concern [1,2].”
Pakpahan, A., & Simarmata, P. (2025) · Pastoralia · doi:10.70449/pastoral.v6i1.160 · Cited by 1
“Jika tidak segera diatasi, kerusakan ekosistem akan mengancam kelangsungan hidup manusia (Umar & Tasduq, 2022; Global Footprint Network, 2023; Wahyuni & Suranto, 2021; Studies, 2022; Rizkiana, 2022; Environmental Science & Technology, 2023).”
Depletion of ozone layer: Review in reference to galactic radiations
Kumar, G., & Kumar, M. (2025) · Environment conservation journal · doi:10.36953/ecj.29342926 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Umar and Tasduq (2022) have discussed the impact of UV radiations on living organisms, specifically the ozone depletion resulting from climate change (Umar & Tasduq, 2022).”
Rahman, M. M., Zen, M., Putra, A. A., Noviarini, C., Ardyansyah, F. A., Mujahidah, U., & Magdalena, M. (2024) · CHEMICA Jurnal Teknik Kimia · doi:10.26555/chemica.v11i1.226 · Cited by 1
“Moreover, ODP substantially affects human health, mainly through increasing exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation [32].”
Protecting the Environment with Human Rights: Mechanism Rooted in Anthropocentric Approach
Habiba, U. (2023) · Human Rights in the Global South (HRGS) · doi:10.56784/hrgs.v2i2.73 · Cited by 1
“It will have a detrimental effect on the physical environment of the atmosphere and also lead to various health problems for humans due to the thinning of the ozone layer (Umar & Tasduq, 2022).”
BackgroundNatural resistance to cancer: A window of hope
Masoudi, M., Torabi, P., Judson-Torres, R., Khodarahmi, R., & Moradi, S. (2023) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.34766 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
İklim Değişikliği Ve Küresel Hastalık Yüküne Etkisi
Pekdoğan, E. N., & Yılmaz, D. D. (2026) · Akdeniz Medical Journal · doi:10.53394/akd.1754271
Jie, E. Q. J., Zulkornain, A. S., Yusoff, I. M., Man, R., Dailin, D., & Azelee, N. I. W. (2026) · Environmental Quality Management · doi:10.1002/tqem.70437
Kundu, S., Jaggernauth, A., O'Connor, R., & Vijayaraghavan, R. K. (2026) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.74441
“While limited UVR exposure is essential for Vitamin D synthesis in the human body, over exposure is the primary cause of skin cancer, the most prevalent cancer globally, and is associated with other health issues such as immunosuppression and cataracts [5, 6].”
Joseph, M., Ibe, F., & Ibe, M. V. (2026) · World Scientific News · doi:10.65770/umre3932
Takshe, A. A., Khatib, R. E., Sadeghi, M., Ibrahim, H., Alauddin, S., & ElBizri, A. (2026) · World Development Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.wds.2026.100327
Liang, J.-W., Ke, D.-D., Shao, M., Li, Y., He, G., & Liu, Y. (2026) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism (JPEM) · doi:10.1515/jpem-2025-0631
“The average UV dose globally varies with geographical location and daily to seasonal timescales [8].”
Effect of UV-C Radiation on Genomic Variation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Radice, R. P., Padula, F., Iannelli, V., Montagnuolo, X., Scopa, A., Drosos, M., & Martelli, G. (2026) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes17050563
“It is known the exposure to UV radiation induces rapid and extensive upregulation of enzymatic antioxidant defenses that neutralize reactive oxygen species and prevent oxidative damage to cellular components [22].”
Rigoni, M. E., de Lazaro, S. D., & de Lara, L. S. (2026) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.5c09234
Haleva, L., de Moura, T. D., Teixeira, L. C., Mitteregger, H., Gabev, E. E., da Silveira, A. A., & Campos, F. (2026) · Microbiology Research · doi:10.3390/microbiolres17010021
Band, S. S., Qasem, S. N., Ramezani, J., Abbaspour, M., Pai, H.-T., Gupta, B. B., Mansor, Z., & Mosavi, A. A. (2025) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119593 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Niñas, Niños y Jóvenes Hospitalizados por COVID-19 a Diferentes Altitudes: Una Serie de Casos
Hilari, C., Paz, W. C., Johnson, B. B., Chuquimia, J. C. A., & Ávalos, I. L. (2025) · Gaceta médica boliviana · doi:10.47993/gmb.v48i2.1058
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Sechel, G., Schuster, B., & Chivaran, A. (2024) · Jurnal Medical Brasovean · doi:10.31926/jmb.2023.1.5
Raja, A. A., Amjad, A., Lodhi, S., Inam, T., Mehmood, M., & Mumal, S. (2023) · Medical Forum Monthly · doi:10.60110/medforum.340834
“This vitamin deficiency is a significant public health issue, particularly in underdeveloped nations Significant increases in blood vitamin A levels were seen after therapy in this study 14,15 .”
Shafie, A. S., Rashid, A. H. A., Masilamani, T., Zin, N. S. N. M., Azmi, N. A. S., Goh, Y.-M., & Samsulrizal, N. (2022) · Malaysian applied biology · doi:10.55230/mabjournal.v51i4.29
Forecasting of ozone along with its contributing pollutants using multivariate time series analysis
Muruganandam, N. S., Aprameya, J., & Kabilan, R. (2026) · AIP Conference Proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0329864
- Authors
- Umar, S. A., & Tasduq, S. A.
- Affiliations
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IN)
- ORCID
- Umar, Sheikh Ahmad
- Venue
- Frontiers in Oncology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-03-10
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 866733-866733
- ISSN
- 2234-943X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8960955
- OpenAlex
- W4221054341
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 3.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Oncology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Keywords
- ozone depletion, ultraviolet radiation, UV-B radiation, vitamin D synthesis, vitamin D deficiency, skin cancer, sun protection, climate change, public health recommendations
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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