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Cited by 733Vitamin D Research StudiesNutrition and Health StudiesBone health and osteoporosis research

Vitamin D-effects on skeletal and extraskeletal health and the need for supplementation

Open access
Wacker, Matthias, Holick, Michael·2013·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu5010111PMC PMC3571641
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Abstract

Vitamin D, the sunshine vitamin, has received a lot of attention recently as a result of a meteoric rise in the number of publications showing that vitamin D plays a crucial role in a plethora of physiological functions and associating vitamin D deficiency with many acute and chronic illnesses including disorders of calcium metabolism, autoimmune diseases, some cancers, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and infectious diseases. Vitamin D deficiency is now recognized as a global pandemic. The major cause for vitamin D deficiency is the lack of appreciation that sun exposure has been and continues to be the major source of vitamin D for children and adults of all ages. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of a healthy skeleton throughout life. There remains some controversy regarding what blood level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D should be attained for both bone health and reducing risk for vitamin D deficiency associated acute and chronic diseases and how much vitamin D should be supplemented.

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Crossref · 10.3390/nu5010111

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  • Vitamin D is essential for bone metabolism, its deficiency increases the risk of fractures, and low levels of vitamin D are associated with increased risk of developing autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and cancer diseases.

    “Vitamin D is essential for bone metabolism (its deficiency increases the risk of fractures) [65] and low levels of vitamin D are associated with the increased risk of developing autoimmune, neurogenerative, and cancer diseases [61].”

    From Novel Insights on Intake of Fish and Prevention of Sarcopenia: All Reasons for an Adequate Consumption (2020) · cites this paper as [65]

  • Wild salmon has the highest vitamin D3 content, while farmed fish exhibited a 25% reduction in vitamin D3 content.

    “A study carried out by Lu et al. [65] showed wild salmon as having the highest vitamin D3 content, while the farmed fish exhibited a 25% reduction in the content of vitamin D3.”

    From Novel Insights on Intake of Fish and Prevention of Sarcopenia: All Reasons for an Adequate Consumption (2020) · cites this paper as [65]

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. [1]Holick M. Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Aspects of Vitamin D from Phytoplankton to Humans Verebrate Endocrinology: Fundamentals and Biomedical Implications Pang P.K.T. Schreibman M.P. Academic Press, Inc. Orlando, FL, USA 1989
  2. [53]Institute of Medicine of the National Academies Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D Catharine Ross A. Taylor C.L. Yaktine A.L. The National Academy of Sciences Washington, DC, USA 2011 21796828
  3. [80]Huldschinsky K. The Ultra-Violet Light Treatment of Rickets Alpine Press Newark, NJ, USA 1928 3 19
  4. [90]Delling G. Endokrine Osteopathien; Morphologie, Histomorphometrie und Differentialdiagnose. Endocrine Bone Diseases; Morphology, Histomorphometry and Differential Diagnosis Fischer Stuttgart, Germany 1975 785861

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Authors
Wacker, M., & Holick, M.
Affiliations
Boston University (US)
Corresponding author
Holick, Michael
ORCID
Holick, Michael
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2013-01-10
Volume
5
Issue
1
Pages
111-148
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/nu5010111
PMC
PMC3571641
OpenAlex
W2007759598
Cited by
733
References
259
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 28
FWCI
9.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Mushroom Council
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
Keywords
vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D supplementation, bone health, calcium metabolism, autoimmune disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, infectious diseases, sun exposure
MeSH terms
Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Neoplasms, Osteoporosis, Skin Physiological Phenomena, Sunlight, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements, Fractures, Bone

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