Cited by 52Menopause: Health Impacts and TreatmentsPhytoestrogen effects and researchMedicinal Plants and Neuroprotection

Estrogenic plants: to prevent neurodegeneration and memory loss and other symptoms in women after menopause

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Echeverria, Valentina, Echeverria, Florencia, Barreto, George E., Echeverría, Javier, Mendoza, Cristhian·2021·Frontiers in Pharmacology

Abstract

In mammals, sexual hormones such as estrogens play an essential role in maintaining brain homeostasis and function. Estrogen deficit in the brain induces many undesirable symptoms such as learning and memory impairment, sleep and mood disorders, hot flushes, and fatigue. These symptoms are frequent in women who reached menopausal age or have had ovariectomy and in men and women subjected to anti-estrogen therapy. Hormone replacement therapy alleviates menopause symptoms; however, it can increase cardiovascular and cancer diseases. In the search for therapeutic alternatives, medicinal plants and specific synthetic and natural molecules with estrogenic effects have attracted widespread attention between the public and the scientific community. Various plants have been used for centuries to alleviate menstrual and menopause symptoms, such as Cranberry, Ginger, Hops, Milk Thistle, Red clover, Salvia officinalis, Soy, Black cohosh, Turnera diffusa, Ushuva, and Vitex. This review aims to highlight current evidence about estrogenic medicinal plants and their pharmacological effects on cognitive deficits induced by estrogen deficiency during menopause and aging.

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  • Gene expression analysis of Alzheimer's disease mouse brains exhibited that phytoestrogens were neuroprotective by unwanted signals flanked by ERβ and GSK3β.

    “The mechanism of action through gene expression analysis of AD mouse brains exhibited that phytoestrogens were neuroprotective by the unwanted signals flanked by the ER 𝛽 and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3 𝛽) [81] .”
  • Salvia lavandulaefolia essential oil (0.01 mg/ml) and geraniol (0.1-2 mM) demonstrate possible estrogenic activity via initiation of beta-galactosidase action in yeast cells.

    “A possible EA was demonstrated through the initiation of 𝛽-galactosidase action in yeast cells transmitting a promoter promoted by estrogenic compounds exhibited by the essential oil of Spanish sage (0.01 mg/ml) and its modified terpene component geraniol (0.1-2 mM) [81]”

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  1. Apaydin H. l. Ertan S. Ozekmekci S. (2000). Broad Bean (Vicia faba)?A Natural Source ofL-dopa?Prolongs ?on? Periods in Patients with Parkinson's Disease Who Have ?on-Off? Fluctuations. Mov. Disord. 15 (1), 164– 166. 10.1002/1531-825710.1002/1531-8257(200001)15:1<164::aid-mds1028>3.0.co;2-e 10634260 · DOI
  2. Brown S. (2013). No Adverse-Oor Beneficial-Eeffect of HRT on Cognitive Function in Younger Postmenopausal Women. Menopause Int. 19 (3), 104– 105. 24195129

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Authors
Echeverria, V., Echeverria, F., Barreto, G. E., Echeverría, J., & Mendoza, C.
Affiliations
  • Universidad San Sebastián (CL)
  • University of Limerick (IE)
  • Universidad de Santiago de Chile (CL)
Venue
Frontiers in Pharmacology
Published
2021-05-20
Volume
12
Pages
644103-644103
ISSN
1663-9812 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3162653969
Cited by
52
References
228
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2
FWCI
1.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Frontiers in Pharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Limerick Institutional Repository (University of Limerick) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • University of Limerick Institutional Repository (University of Limerick) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
  • Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • Lenus, The Irish Health Repository (Dr Steevens Hospital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • University of Limerick Institutional Repository (University of Limerick)
Funders
Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Phytoestrogen effects and research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
Keywords
menopause, estrogen deficiency, neurodegeneration, memory loss, cognitive impairment, ovariectomy, hormone replacement therapy, antiestrogen therapy, hot flashes, mood disorders, sleep disorders, black cohosh, red clover, soybean, cranberry, Humulus lupulus, Silybum marianum, Salvia officinalis, Turnera diffusa, Vitex, brain homeostasis, aging

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