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Cited by 28Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

New Insights on the Effects of Methylphenidate in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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Pitzianti, Maria Bernarda, Spiridigliozzi, Simonetta, Bartolucci, Elisa, Esposito, Susanna, Pasini, Augusto·2020·Frontiers in Psychiatry
DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.531092PMC PMC7561436
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Abstract

This narrative review describes an overview of the multiple effects of methylphenidate (MPH) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its potential neurobiological targets. It addressed the following aspects: 1) MPH effects on attention and executive functions in ADHD; 2) the relation between MPH efficacy and dopamine transporter gene (DAT) polymorphism; and 3) the role of MPH as an epigenetic modulator in ADHD. Literature analysis showed that MPH, the most commonly used psychostimulant in the therapy of ADHD, acts on multiple components of the disorder. Marked improvements in attentional and executive dysfunction have been observed in children with ADHD during treatment with MPH, as well as reductions in neurological soft signs. MPH efficacy may be influenced by polymorphisms in the DAT, and better responses to treatment were associated with the 10/10 genotype. Innovative lines of research have suggested that ADHD etiopathogenesis and its neuropsychological phenotypes also depend on the expression levels of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV). In particular, several studies have revealed that ADHD is associated with HERV-H over-expression and that MPH administration results in decreased expression levels of this retroviral family and a reduction in the main symptoms of the disorder. In conclusion, there is a confirmed role for MPH as an elective drug in the therapy of ADHD alone or in association with behavioral therapy. Its effectiveness can vary based on DAT polymorphisms and can act as a modulator of HERV-H gene expression, pointing to targets for a precision medicine approach.

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Authors
Pitzianti, M. B., Spiridigliozzi, S., Bartolucci, E., Esposito, S., & Pasini, A.
Affiliations
  • University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
  • Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Umbria n. 2 (IT)
  • University of Parma (IT)
Corresponding author
Esposito, Susanna
ORCID
Esposito, Susanna
Venue
Frontiers in Psychiatry
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2020-09-30
Volume
11
Pages
531092-531092
ISSN
1664-0640 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fpsyt.2020.531092
PMC
PMC7561436
OpenAlex
W3091078293
Cited by
28
References
19
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4
FWCI
0.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
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  • Frontiers in Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Università degli Studi di Perugia
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords
methylphenidate, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, psychostimulants, executive function, attention, epigenetics, treatment response, precision medicine

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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