Prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder and Its Association With Personality Traits and Gaming Characteristics Among Chinese Adolescent Gamers
Open accessAbstract
Background: Internet gaming is extremely popular, but some players engage in overuse, with negative outcomes. Knowing the prevalence rate and specific risk factors can provide a better understanding of the etiology of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of IGD among Chinese adolescents and associate IGD with their personality traits and Internet gaming characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was utilized in this study. Participants were recruited from 34 provincial administrative districts in China and consisted of 6,379 adolescent game players aged 15–25 (males/females = 3,701/2,678, mean age: 19.35 ± 1.61). A self-report structured questionnaire containing questions regarding demographic information and Internet gaming use characteristics, the Video Gaming Dependency Scale, and the Chinese Big Five Inventory-brief version, was used in the study. Results: The prevalence of IGD among Chinese adolescent game players was 17.0%. All participants were divided into the IGD group (males/females=751/333, mean age: 19.74±1.85) or the non-IGD group (males/females=2950/2345, mean age: 19.27±1.54). Specifically, twelve factors were good predictors displaying significant associations with IGD (p<0.001), including neuroticism (β= 0.17), conscientiousness (β= 0.14), Internet gaming time per day (Hour) (β= 0.21), Internet gaming charge per month (Yuan) (β= 0.20), motive: escaping (β= 0.15), motive: sensation seeking (β= 0.13), motive: passing time (β= 0.08), motive: coping (β= 0.06), having one or two long-term game partners (β= 0.06), gender (β= 0.12), education (β= 0.04), and relationship status (β= 0.04). Conclusion: Specific personality traits (neuroticism, conscientiousness) and Internet gaming characteristics (time and game expenses, motives) were associated with IGD in our sample of Chinese adolescents.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369 · see citing works
An Introduction to the Five‐Factor Model and Its Applications
McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00970.x · Cited by 6,835 · see citing works
Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses.
Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.1.3 · Cited by 5,758 · see citing works
Internet Addiction: The Emergence of a New Clinical Disorder
YOUNG, K. S. (1998) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237 · Cited by 5,513 · see citing works
Personality trait structure as a human universal.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1997) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.52.5.509 · Cited by 4,234 · see citing works
A “components” model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework
Griffiths, M. (2005) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659890500114359 · Cited by 3,088 · see citing works
Motivations for Play in Online Games
Yee, N. (2006) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9.772 · Cited by 2,939 · see citing works
Kotov, R., Gamez, W., Schmidt, F., & Watson, D. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0020327 · Cited by 2,677 · see citing works
Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000160 · Cited by 2,095 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Being single was positively associated to addictive video gaming, which may be related with their loneliness (47).”
BackgroundResultPersonality and motivations associated with Facebook use
Ross, C., Orr, E. S., Sisic, M., Arseneault, J. M., Simmering, M. G., & Orr, R. R. (2009) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2008.12.024 · Cited by 1,728 · see citing works
A contrarian view of the five-factor approach to personality description.
Block, J. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.2.187 · Cited by 1,682 · see citing works
Does culture influence what and how we think? Effects of priming individualism and collectivism.
Oyserman, D., & Lee, S. W. S. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.311 · Cited by 1,390 · see citing works
Petry, N. M., Rehbein, F., Gentile, D. A., Lemmens, J. S., Rumpf, H., Mößle, T., Bischof, G., Tao, R., Fung, D. S. S., Borges, G., et al. (2014) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12457 · Cited by 919 · see citing works
Adolescent Internet use: What we expect, what teens report
Gross, E. F. (2004) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2004.09.005 · Cited by 866 · see citing works
Rehbein, F., Kliem, S., Baier, D., Mößle, T., & Petry, N. M. (2015) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12849 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
The Big Five Personality Traits and the Life Course: A 45-Year Longitudinal Study
Soldz, S., & Vaillant, G. (1999) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1006/jrpe.1999.2243 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Internet addiction in students: Prevalence and risk factors
Kuss, D. J., Griffiths, M. D., & Binder, J. F. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.024 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Internet gaming addiction: current perspectives
Kuss, D. (2013) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s39476 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Müller, K. W., Janikian, M., Dreier, M., Wölfling, K., Beutel, M. E., Tzavara, C. K., Richardson, C., & Τσίτσικα, Ά. (2014) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-014-0611-2 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Internet Behaviors and Addiction Among Adolescents in Six Asian Countries
Mak, K.-K., Lai, C.-M., Watanabe, H., Kim, D.-I., Bahar, N., Ramos, M. S., Young, K., Ho, R. C. M., Aum, N.-R., & Cheng, C. (2014) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2014.0139 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Smoking and the Five‐Factor Model of personality
Terracciano, A., & Costa, P. T. (2004) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00687.x · Cited by 422 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Smokers scored higher on neuroticism and lower on conscientiousness and agreeableness than non-smokers (19).”
BackgroundBig Five factors of personality and replicated predictions of behavior.
Paunonen, S. V. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.411 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Video Game Addiction in Children and Teenagers in Taiwan
Chiu, S.-I., Lee, J.-Z., & Huang, D.-H. (2004) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2004.7.571 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Internet Gaming Disorder: Investigating the Clinical Relevance of a New Phenomenon
Przybylski, A. K., Weinstein, N., & Murayama, K. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16020224 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Screening and assessment tools for gaming disorder: A comprehensive systematic review
King, D. L., Chamberlain, S. R., Carragher, N., Billieux, J., Stein, D., Mueller, K., Potenza, M. N., Rumpf, H. J., Saunders, J., Starcevic, V., et al. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101831 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Big five-personality trait and Internet addiction: A meta-analytic review
Kayiş, A. R., Satici, S. A., Yilmaz, M. F., Şimşek, D., Ceyhan, E., & Bakioğlu, F. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.012 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Wang, C.-W., Ho, R. T. H., Chan, C. L. W., & Tse, S. (2015) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.10.039 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Gender Swapping and Socializing in Cyberspace: An Exploratory Study
Hussain, Z., & Griffiths, M. D. (2008) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.0020 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Yu, R., Geddes, J. R., & Fazel, S. (2012) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2012.26.5.775 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
van der Aa, N., Overbeek, G. J., Engels, R. C. M. E., Scholte, R. H. J., Meerkerk, G., & van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M. (2008) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-008-9298-3 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Yan, W., Li, Y., & Sui, N. (2014) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2490 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Risk factors associated with online game addiction: A hierarchical model
Hyun, G. J., Han, D. H., Lee, Y. S., Kang, K. D., Yoo, S.-K., Chung, U., & Renshaw, P. F. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.008 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Müller, K. W., Beutel, M. E., Egloff, B., & Wölfling, K. (2013) · European Addiction Research · doi:10.1159/000355832 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Internet Gaming Disorder: Psychological Factors and Internet Gaming Characteristics
Rho, M. J., Lee, H., Lee, T.-H., Cho, H., Jung, D., Kim, D., & Choi, I. Y. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15010040 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Prevalence of Internet Addiction and Gaming Disorders in Southeast Asia: A Meta-Analysis
Chia, D. X. Y., Ng, C. W. L., Kandasami, G., Seow, M. Y. L., Choo, C. C., Chew, P. K. H., Lee, C., & Zhang, M. W. B. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17072582 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Hinojosa, J. A., Méndez‐Bértolo, C., & Pozo, M. A. (2010) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.00982.x · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Yao, M. Z., He, J., Ko, D. M., & Pang, K. (2013) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0710 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
King, D. L., Delfabbro, P., Zwaans, T., & Kaptsis, D. (2013) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867413491159 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Online Data Collection from Video Game Players: Methodological Issues
Wood, R. T. A., Griffiths, M. D., & Eatough, V. (2004) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2004.7.511 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Online gaming addiction: Classification, prediction and associated risk factors
Hussain, Z., Griffiths, M. D., & Baguley, T. S. (2011) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.3109/16066359.2011.640442 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Personality Traits and Long-Term Health
Brickman, A. L., Yount, S., Blaney, N. T., Rothberg, S. T., & De‐Nour, A. K. (1996) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(96)71534-7 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Patient personality and mortality: A 4-year prospective examination of chronic renal insufficiency.
Christensen, A. J., Ehlers, S. L., Wiebe, J. S., Moran, P. J., Raichle, K., Ferneyhough, K., & Lawton, W. J. (2002) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.21.4.315 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Computer Game Addiction in Adolescents and Its Relationship to Chronotype and Personality
Vollmer, C., Randler, C., Horzum, M. B., & Ayas, T. (2014) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244013518054 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
The Prevalence of Problematic Video Gamers in The Netherlands
Haagsma, M. C., Pieterse, M. E., & Peters, O. (2012) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2011.0248 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Intensive video gaming improves encoding speed to visual short-term memory in young male adults
Wilms, I. L., Petersen, A., & Vangkilde, S. (2012) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.11.003 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Smartphone use and sleep quality in Chinese college students: a preliminary study
Huang, Q., Li, Y., Huang, S., Qi, J., Shao, T., Chen, X., Liao, Z., Lin, S., Zhang, X., Cai, Y., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00352 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citationKaraca, S., Karakoç, A., Gürkan, Ö. C., Onan, N., & Barlas, G. Ü. (2020) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-019-00544-z · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Gaming addiction, definition and measurement: A large-scale empirical study
Spekman, M. L. C., Konijn, E. A., Roelofsma, P. H. M. P., & Griffiths, M. D. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.015 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Yao, S. (2011) · Zhongguo linchuang xinlixue zazhi · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Internet gaming disorder and online gambling disorder: Clinical and personality correlates
Mallorquí‐Bagué, N., Fernández‐Aranda, F., Lozano‐Madrid, M., Granero, R., Mestre‐Bach, G., Baño, M., del Pino‐Gutiérrez, A., Gómez‐Peña, M., Aymamí, N., Menchón, J. M., et al. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.078 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Miller, J. D., MacKillop, J. M., Fortune, E. E., Maples, J. L., Lance, C. E., Campbell, W. K., & Goodie, A. S. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.09.042 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Internet use, misuse, and addiction in adolescents: current issues and challenges
Greydanus, D. E., & Greydanus, M. M. (2012) · International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health · doi:10.1515/ijamh.2012.041 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Individualism and internet addiction: the mediating role of psychological needs
Arpacı, İ., Kesici, Ş., & Балоглу, М. (2018) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-11-2016-0353 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Pathological gambling: a behavioral addiction
Mann, K. F., Fauth‐Bühler, M., Higuchi, S., Potenza, M. N., & Saunders, J. B. (2016) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20373 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Predictors and patterns of problematic Internet game use using a decision tree model
Rho, M. J., Jeong, J.-E., Chun, J., Cho, H., Jung, D. J., Choi, I. Y., & Kim, D. (2016) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.5.2016.051 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Online gaming and gaming disorder: more than just a trivial pursuit
Columb, D., Griffiths, M. D., & OʼGara, C. (2019) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/ipm.2019.31 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
5 Years of Progress: A Reply to Block
McCrae, R. R. (2001) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1006/jrpe.2000.2294 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Xiang, Y.-T., Jin, Y., Zhang, L., Li, L., Ungvari, G. S., Ng, C. H., Zhao, M., & Hao, W. (2020) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-020-00475-w · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Yao, S. (2010) · Zhongguo linchuang xinlixue zazhi · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Yang, D.-J., Chiu, J.-Z., & Chen, Y.-K. (2011) · The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Development of the Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory(CBF-PI) II:Validity Analysis
Yao, S. (2010) · Zhongguo linchuang xinlixue zazhi · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 63 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The epidemiology and effects of video game addiction: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Limone, P., Ragni, B., & Toto, G. A. (2023) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104047 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Prevalence of gaming disorder in East Asia: A comprehensive meta-analysis
Liao, Z., Chen, X., Huang, Q., & Shen, H. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2022.00050 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, Y., Gong, R., Yu, Y., Chen, X., Yu, X., Chang, R., Wang, H., Wang, S., Wang, Q., & Cai, Y. (2021) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.06.008 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationZhou, R., Morita, N., Ogai, Y., Saito, T., Zhang, X., Yang, W., & Yang, F. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21060700 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Yu, Y., Mo, P. K. H., Zhang, J., Li, J., & Lau, J. T. F. (2022) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107239 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The Big Five personality traits and online gaming: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Akbari, M., Seydavi, M., Spada, M. M., Mohammadkhani, S., Jamshidi, S., jamaloo, A., & Ayatmehr, F. (2021) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2021.00050 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Ahmed, G. K., Abdalla, A. A., Mohamed, A. M., Mohamed, L. A., & shamaa, H. A. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114584 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Kim, D., & Lee, J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18147275 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Ahmed, G. K., Abdalla, A. A., Mohamed, A. M., Mohamed, L. A., & shamaa, H. A. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-022-00502-w · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Lin, S., Tan, L., Chen, X., Liao, Z., Li, Y., Tang, Y., Shi, Y., Hao, J., Wang, X., Huang, Q., et al. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.077 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationGou, S., Zhang, W., Tang, Y., Zhang, J., & He, Q. (2024) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104257 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Concerto, C., Rodolico, A., Avanzato, C., Fusar‐Poli, L., Signorelli, M. S., Battaglia, F., & Aguglia, E. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11060774 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Li, L., Niu, Z., Griffiths, M. D., & Mei, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.761519 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The Association between Video Game Time and Adolescent Mental Health: Evidence from Rural China
Li, L., Abbey, C., Wang, H., Zhu, A., Shao, T., Dai, D., Jin, S., & Rozelle, S. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192214815 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationJunus, A., Hsu, Y., Wong, C. L. H., & YIP, P. S. F. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.02.038 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Substance and Internet use during the COVID-19 pandemic in China
Huang, Q., Chen, X., Huang, S., Shao, T., Liao, Z., Lin, S., Li, Y., Qi, J., Cai, Y., & Shen, H. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01614-1 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationZhou, Y., Yao, M., Fang, S., & Gao, X. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.107104 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Yang, Q., Wang, H., Wu, H., Li, W., Zhang, Y., Yao, Y., Yuan, X., Chen, C., Wang, Y., Zhong, Y., et al. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05325-3 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Zhou, J., Zhao, H., Wang, L., & Zhu, D. (2023) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2023.00054 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Psychological distress and aggression among adolescents with internet gaming disorder symptoms
Deng, X., Hu, Y., Liu, C.-Y., Li, Q., Ning, Y., Zhang, Q.-Y., Liu, L., Qiu, J.-N., Xu, H.-B., Xue, L., et al. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115624 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Exploring Internet gaming disorder: an updated perspective of empirical evidence (from 2016 to 2021)
Mestre‐Bach, G., Fernández‐Aranda, F., & Jiménez‐Múrcia, S. (2022) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152319 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Fong, T. C. T., Cheng, Q., Pai, C. Y., Kwan, I., Wong, C. L. H., Cheung, S. H., & YIP, P. S. F. (2023) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115774 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Mun, I. B. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.107767 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Akbari, M., Bahadori, M. H., Milan, B. B., Caselli, G., & Spada, M. M. (2021) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106904 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Alfaifi, A. J., Mahmoud, S. S., Elmahdy, M., & Gosadi, I. M. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000029789 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Alshammari, T. K., Alseraye, S., Rogowska, A. M., Al-Rasheed, N. M., & Alshammari, M. A. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11247293 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Association of internet gaming disorder with impulsivity: role of risk preferences
Zhu, L., Zhu, Y., Li, S., Jiang, Y., Mei, X., Wang, Y., Yang, D., Zhao, J., Mu, L., & Wang, W. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05265-y · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Marrero, R. J., Fumero, A., Voltes, D., Rodríguez, M. G., & Castro, W. P. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182111638 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Imataka, G., Sakuta, R., Maehashi, A., & Yoshihara, S. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11154566 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Liao, Z., Chen, X., Huang, S., Huang, Q., Lin, S., Li, Y., Tang, Y., & Shen, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1103816 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, D., Lee, J., & Nam, J. K. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.714301 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Internet-use disorders: A theoretical framework for their conceptualization and diagnosis
Wegmann, E., Billieux, J., & Brand, M. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822201-0.00022-8 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Cheng, Y., Jiang, S., & Chen, J. (2024) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107492 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Garg, S., Kharb, A., Verma, D., Antil, R., Khanna, B., Sihag, R., & Lamba, D. (2023) · General Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/gpsych-2022-100997 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Gender differences in problematic gaming among Chinese adolescents and young adults
Liao, Z., Le, J., Chen, X., Tang, Y., Shen, H., & Huang, Q. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06994-y · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, S., Guo, M., Wang, J., & Lin, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.780144 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Gan, X., Xiang, G.-X., Jin, X., Zhu, C.-S., & Yu, C. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-022-00895-x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Zhang, L., Luo, T., Hao, W., Cao, Y., Yuan, M., & Liao, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.848157 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Role of Gaming Devices Associated With Internet Gaming Disorder in China: Cross-sectional Study
Li, Y., Tang, Y., Huang, S., Tan, L., Huang, Q., Chen, X., Lin, S., Hao, J., Liao, Z., & Shen, H. (2022) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/40130 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationGan, X., Qin, K.-N., Xiang, G.-X., Jin, X., & Zhu, C.-S. (2022) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2022.947869 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Meng, C., Li, Q., Cui, K., Yanyu, X., Wencai, L., & Xia, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1458626 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Yin, M., Huang, S., & Yu, C. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20043633 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationSmirni, D., Smirni, P., Lavanco, G., & Caci, B. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10030467 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Zhang, W., Jiang, L., Yu, M., Ma, R., Wang, T., Liang, X., He, R., Xu, C. H., Hu, S., Tan, Y., et al. (2024) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2023.0103 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A latent profile approach for classifying internet gamers based on motives for online gaming
Kim, B., Kang, H. S., & Park, J. (2023) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2022.00092 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Qin, K.-N., & Gan, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1162022 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Tan, X., Liu, C., Yang, W., Xiao, H. F., Zhang, L., Chen, S., & He, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1419014 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Association Between Internet Gaming Disorder and Sensation Seeking Among Arab Adolescents
Hamid, M. S., Hamza, E. A., Hussain, Z., & Al‐Ahmadi, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.905553 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The latent profile analysis of Chinese adolescents’ gaming disorder: examination and validation
Zhang, L., Liu, M., Yuan, M., Hou, M., Yang, C., Wang, Y., Hao, W., & Liao, Y. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05320-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Bansal, H., & Kranti, S. K. (2022) · Annals of Indian Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/aip.aip_155_21 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Rodríguez-Ruiz, F., Marí-Sanmillán, M. I., Benito, A., Castellano-García, F., Sánchez-Llorens, M., Almodóvar-Fernández, I., & Haro, G. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1147601 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Gong, X., Zhou, J., & Hao, S. (2025) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2025.108564 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Peng, P., Chen, Z.-M., Ren, S.-L., Liu, Y., Li, J.-G., Liao, A.-J., Zhao, L.-L., He, R.-N., Liang, Y.-D., Tan, Y.-G., et al. (2025) · European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-025-02675-z · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationTse, N., Pang, N. S.-N., Wang, X., Li, Y., Lo, C. K. M., & Yang, X. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0327365 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Yu, Y., Fong, V. W. I., Li, J., Zhang, J., & Lau, J. T. F. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.107965 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Park, J. H., Yoo, S. Y., Park, H. Y., & Choi, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1152819 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Yang, R.-R., Gan, X., & Wang, P. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06377-8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Xiao-xia, G., Hassan, N. C., Sulaiman, T., Wei, Z., & Dong, J. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0313405 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Bailey, K., Propp, A., & Alonso, M. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12232471 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Treatment of gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Harpas, I., Stevens, M., Radünz, M., Williamson, P., Hamamura, T., Svendsen, O., & King, D. L. (2025) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116783 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ding, D., Pan, M., Wang, W., Wang, X., Ma, S., Yang, Y., Huang, Y., Guo, M., & Wu, Y. (2023) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/bec.2023.6 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Yavuz, O., & Erden, S. (2021) · Journal of Dependence · doi:10.51982/bagimli.969479 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Tang, Y., Liao, Z., Huang, S., Hao, J., Huang, Q., Chen, X., Lin, S., Li, Y., Qi, J., & Shen, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.870358 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationYao, S., Xu, M., & Sun, L. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20064908 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
[Childhood trauma and adolescent game addiction: the mediating effects of self-control].
Zhong, Y., Li, Y., Chen, R.-M., Cong, E., & Xu, Y. (2023) · PubMed Central · doi:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2303114 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Quality of Life of Adolescents Experiencing Online Game Addiction During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Fahrizal, Y., & Irmawan, H. S. (2023) · Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia · doi:10.7454/jki.v26i1.1947 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Cheng, Y., & Jiang, S. (2024) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107934 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lin, P. K. F., Lim, P. K. H., Yow, Y. J., Lee, J., & Akiyama, Y. A. (2025) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640251347470 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Wang, C., Li, Y., Lin, S., Huang, Q., Shi, Y., Yang, G., Huang, E., Deng, X., & Luo, J. (2025) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/83522 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationKumar, A., Gupta, A., Raj, D., & Kumar, A. (2024) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_2026_23 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Yu, Y., Ng, J. H.-Y., Li, J., Zhang, J., & Lau, J. T. F. (2024) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/52478 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Minami, H., Shirai, T., Okada, S., Miyachi, M., Tanifuji, T., Okazaki, S., Horai, T., Mouri, K., Otsuka, I., & Hishimoto, A. (2024) · Neuropsychopharmacology Reports · doi:10.1002/npr2.12470 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hao, J., Liao, Z., Huang, Q., Chen, X., Lin, S., Shi, Y., Li, Y., Tang, Y., Wang, X., & Shen, H. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06561-5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationAlhujaili, N. A., Alsubaie, B., Alzahrani, S., Aljahdali, F. H., Alghamdi, W., Almatrafi, M. M., & Alghamdi, A. A. (2024) · Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.2174/0122106766334789241004103754 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Online gaming motives, family relationships, and personality among Indian youth
Ajith, S., Narayanan, G., Sharma, M. K., Anand, N., & Vishwakarma, A. (2024) · Industrial Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.4103/ipj.ipj_123_23 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
He, J., Zhao, H., Lei, X., Qiu, J., Feng, T., Chen, H., Turel, O., Bechara, A., & He, Q. (2025) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2025.00063 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gaming Behaviors and Its Correlation with Internet Gaming Disorder among Indonesian Young Adults
Rahayu, F. S., Nugroho, L. E., & Ferdiana, R. (2023) · International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications · doi:10.1109/isitia59021.2023.10221095 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Al‐Mamun, F., Mamun, M. A., ALmerab, M. M., Islam, J., Gozal, D., & Muhit, M. (2025) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2025.10 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Bowditch, L., Chapman, J., Signal, T. D., & Naweed, A. (2025) · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1155/hbe2/2368683 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Filipovič, V., Dědová, M., & Mihaliková, V. (2023) · Journal of Educational Sciences & Psychology · doi:10.51865/jesp.2023.2.16 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mihaliková, V., & Dědová, M. (2024) · Journal of Educational Sciences & Psychology · doi:10.51865/jesp.2024.1.18 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Internet Gaming Disorder and Mental Health of Children in China: A Latent Profile Analysis
Ahmed, M. Z., Ahmed, O., Gao, L., Jobe, M. C., & Li, W. (2024) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.32604/ijmhp.2024.051055 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Systematic Review and Reliability Generalization Meta-Analysis of the Video Game Dependency Scale
Gisbert-Pérez, J., Cejalvo, E., Vilar, M. M., & Badenes‐Ribera, L. (2024) · Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development · doi:10.1080/07481756.2024.2406371 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Yu, Y., Yen, S. H. Y., Wang, D. B., Wu, A. M. S., Chen, J. H., Zhang, G., Du, M., Du, D., Du, M., & Lau, J. T. F. (2024) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/50418 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The relationship between smartphone and computer games and anger in adolescents
Tuncay, S., & Sarman, A. (2023) · Marmara medical journal · doi:10.5472/marumj.1367799 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Satria, B., Mustanir, Oktari, R. S., Marthoenis, Juanita, & Maulina (2024) · Journal of Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences · doi:10.22442/jlumhs.2024.01118 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Lin, S., Chen, X., Tan, L., Liao, Z., Li, Y., Tang, Y., Huang, Q., & Shen, H. (2024) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/45985 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationWu, Y., Yuan, Y., & Wang, Z. (2025) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-025-00753-7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Addictive Technologies? The Moral and Normative Dynamics Shaping the Chinese Gaming Culture
Amadieu, T. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-3049-2_4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Eltantawy, M. M., & AlMutairi, M. D. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1718787 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gan, Q., & Hong, W. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1793599 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Social connectedness in mobile gaming: how family dynamics shape children’s virtual interactions
Pang, L., Mustafa, S. E., Gong, J., & Cheng, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1850835 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Games to Control Gaming Behavior: An Observation Based on Teenager Families
Hu, X., & Fan, Z. (2023) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2023.2244636 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jeong, S., Jeong, E. J., & Kim, J. A. (2023) · Social Integration Research · doi:10.46907/sir.2023.4.2.49 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Exploring different technology addiction types in young adults: a latent profile analysis
AĞIRKAN, M., HASPOLAT, N. K., & Çelik, O. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06372-z · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Yan, D., Zhao, J., Ma, Y., & Ma, H. (2024) · Displays · doi:10.1016/j.displa.2024.102944 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gaming disorder: a narrative review
Bogaczewicz, A., & Bogaczewicz, J. (2025) · Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna · doi:10.15557/pipk.2024.0038 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Li, S., Du, M., Yi, X., Yang, H., Yang, L., Shao, H., Wu, A. M. S., Mo, P. K. H., Xu, D., Zheng, P., et al. (2025) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108449 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Alenezi, S., Fiaar, H. A. A., Aldossary, M. H., Alnafisah, I., Binkheder, S., AlMaghlouth, I. A., & Alkhiri, A. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0292.v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mohamed Imran, H., Chowdhury, S. R., Reddy, I. R., & Maji, S. (2024) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1177/02537176241232107 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Liao, Z., Huang, Q., Huang, S., Tan, L., Shao, T., Fang, T., Chen, X., Lin, S., Qi, J., Cai, Y., & Shen, H.
- Affiliations
- Central South University (CN)
- Wuhu Fourth People Hospital (CN)
- Hunan Institute of Mental Health (CN)
- Shenzhen KangNing Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Shen, Hongxian
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2020-11-17
- Volume
- 11
- Pages
- 598585-598585
- ISSN
- 1664-0640 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7704426
- OpenAlex
- W3102663602
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 13
- FWCI
- 22.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- National Basic Research Program of China
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Digital Games and Media
- Keywords
- internet gaming disorder, prevalence, personality traits, Big Five personality traits, neuroticism, conscientiousness, gaming motives, gaming time, risk factors, Chinese adolescents
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
