The Influence of Online Game Behaviors on the Emotional State and Executive Function of College Students in China
Open accessAbstract
Background and Objective: Since the classification of gaming disorder (GD) by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “mental disorder caused by addictive behaviors,” there has been controversy regarding whether online game behaviors can lead to mental disorder. This study aims to clarify the correlation between the online game behaviors of college students and anxiety, depression, and executive function of college students in China, from a questionnaire-based investigation. Methods: Based on the whole class random sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among college students in Northern Anhui, China from March 7 to March 27, 2020. The questionnaires included the Internet Game Addiction (IGA) Scale, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (Adult Version, BRIEF-A), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire Scale (PHQ-9). Results: A total of 850 participants completed the survey, including 353 males (41.53%) and 497 females (58.47%). The primary age group was 18–27 years (91.53%), and the educational background was a bachelor's degree (94.7%). The study found that the online behavior of 17.76% of college students was online game behavior. This study did not identify any students who met the criteria for IGA, and 3% met the criteria for indulgent behavior. A dual role of online games was identified; moderate online game activities can improve the emotional state and executive function of college students, while excessive online game behaviors that may not reach the degree of addiction can also harm emotional state and executive function. Conclusions: This study suggests that although IGA has been regarded as a mental disease, online game behavior should be treated differently. Online game activities should not be entirely denied, but mental disorders caused by excessive gaming activities deserve attention. In particular, the emotional state and executive function of students with excessive online game behaviors should be monitored and intervened in advance to avoid game behaviors turning into indulgent behaviors or addiction. As a cognitive control process, executive function may play a key role in regulating IGA and emotional state.
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Gaming disorder is linked to poor sleep, academic underachievement, poor social interaction, and depression.
“correlational studies have found links between GD and poor sleep, academic underachievement, poor social interaction and depression (Brunborg, Mentzoni, & Frøyland, 2014;Velotti, Rogier, Beomonte Zobel, & Billieux, 2021;Zhao et al., 2021).”
From Online Self-Help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Module for College Students with Higher Gaming Disorder During COVID-19: A Pilot Study (2023) · cites this paper as Zhao et al., 2021
The Introduction reports that internet gaming addiction may reduce sleep quality and is correlated with depression. The Discussion also reports more serious depressive traits among online gaming abusers. Our copy does not establish links with academic underachievement or poor social interaction; this study also reports that none of its participants met its scale’s threshold for gaming addiction. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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For students, why are video games so tempting?Preprint
Jin, R. (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/x9j42
การพฒนาโปรแกรมการฝกทกษะสมองอเอฟ เพอสงเสรมการยดหยนทางความคดและการรดจทล สำหรบนกเรยนประถมศกษาตอนปลาย
สุริวงศ์, ธ., & วิเศษสุวรรณภูมิ, ป. (2022) · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2022.791
For students, why are video games so tempting?Preprint
靳蕊宁 (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/pxb5f
Öztekin, G. G. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04878-8
“It is known that internet-based leisure activities, such as socializing through social media and spending excessive time on recreational gaming, can negatively affect people’s self-perception, emotional state, and cognitive functions [11, 12].”
- Authors
- Zhao, W., Wei, T., Zhou, R., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Ren, Z., Shao, W., Luo, H., Zhou, Y., Chen, N., Lu, Q., Song, X., Zhang, Z., Fang, Y., Zhang, X., & Jiao, D.
- Affiliations
- Bengbu Medical College (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Jiao, Dongliang
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-10-20
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 713364-713364
- ISSN
- 1664-0640 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8563612
- OpenAlex
- W3205413161
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 3.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Bengbu Medical College
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational Games and Gamification
- Keywords
- online game addiction, gaming disorder, executive function, emotional state, anxiety, depression, university students, cognitive control, excessive gaming
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