Cited by 308Social Robot Interaction and HRIDigital Mental Health InterventionsMental Health Treatment and Access

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Reporting Mental Health Symptoms: Breaking Down Barriers to Care with Virtual Human Interviewers

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Lucas, Gale M., Rizzo, Albert, Gratch, Jonathan, Scherer, Stefan, Stratou, Giota, Boberg, Jill, Morency, Louis-Philippe·2017·Frontiers in Robotics and AI

DOI 10.3389/frobt.2017.00051

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Abstract

A common barrier to healthcare for psychiatric conditions is the stigma associated with these disorders. Perceived stigma prevents many from reporting their symptoms. Stigma is a particularly pervasive problem among military service members, preventing them from reporting symptoms of combat-related conditions like posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, research shows increased reporting by service members when anonymous assessments are used. For example, service members report more symptoms of PTSD when they anonymously answer the Post-Deployment Health Assessment (PDHA) symptom checklist compared to the official PDHA, which is identifiable and linked to their military records. To investigate the factors that influence reporting of psychological symptoms by service members, we used a transformative technology: automated virtual humans that interview people about their symptoms. Such virtual human interviewers allow simultaneous use of two techniques for eliciting disclosure that would otherwise be incompatible; they afford anonymity while also building rapport. We examined whether virtual human interviewers could increase disclosure of mental health symptoms among active-duty service members that just returned from a year-long deployment in Afghanistan. Service members reported more symptoms during a conversation with a virtual human interviewer than on the official PDHA. They also reported more to a virtual human interviewer than on an anonymized PDHA. A second, larger sample of active-duty and former service members found a similar effect that approached statistical significance. Because respondents in both studies shared more with virtual human interviewers than an anonymized PDHA -even though both conditions control for stigma and ramifications for service members’ military records- virtual human interviewers that build rapport may provide a superior option to encourage reporting.

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Authors: Lucas, G. M., Rizzo, A., Gratch, J., Scherer, S., Stratou, G., Boberg, J., & Morency, L.-P.
Affiliations: University of Southern California (US)
Carnegie Mellon University (US)
Corresponding author: Lucas, Gale M.
ORCID: Lucas, Gale M.
Rizzo, Albert
Gratch, Jonathan
Scherer, Stefan
Morency, Louis-Philippe
Venue: Frontiers in Robotics and AI
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2017-10-12
Volume: 4
ISSN: 2296-9144 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2017.00051
OpenAlex: W2763552934
Cited by: 308
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 33 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 9
FWCI: 24.27
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Frontiers in Robotics and AI (publishedVersion, cc-by)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: Defense Sciences Office, DARPA
Army Research Office
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: stigma, post-traumatic stress disorder, military personnel, anonymity, rapport building, disclosure, Afghanistan deployment

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Reporting Mental Health Symptoms: Breaking Down Barriers to Care with Virtual Human Interviewers

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