Red Beetroot and Its By-Products: A Comprehensive Review of Phytochemicals, Extraction Methods, Health Benefits, and Applications
Open accessAbstract
Beetroot (Beta vulgaris), a root vegetable known for its vivid natural color and nutritional profile, is a source of a wide range of bioactive compounds, including betalains, phenolics, vitamins, and antioxidants. These bioactive compounds are associated with many health-promoting properties, including antihypertensive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. The beetroot processing industry produces substantial by-products abundant in phytochemicals and betalains, presenting valuable opportunities for utilization. Therefore, it can replace synthetic additives and enhance the nutritional value of foods. By reducing waste and supporting a circular economy, beetroot by-products improve resource efficiency, cut production costs, and lessen the food industry’s environmental impact. Beetroot and its by-products are rich in phytochemicals that provide various wellness advantages. They support cardiovascular health, inhibit microbe-induced food spoiling, aid liver function, and reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. This paper presents a detailed review of current knowledge on beetroot and its by-products, focusing on their biochemical components, extraction and stabilization techniques, health benefits, and potential applications in the food industry. It underscores the versatility and importance of red beetroot and its derivatives, advocating for further research into optimized processing methods and innovative uses to enhance their industrial and nutritional value. By providing valuable insights, this review aims to inspire food scientists, nutritionists, and the agricultural sector to integrate beetroot and its by-products into more sustainable and health-oriented food systems.
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Beetroot contains numerous bioactive compounds, such as betanin and betaxanthins (betalains), phenolic acids (ferulic, caffeic, gallic and p-coumaric acids), flavonoids (e.g., astragalin, kaempferol, rutin and quercetin), carotenoids, coumarins, terpenoids, alkaloids and tannins.
“It contains numerous bioactive compounds, such as the pigments betanin and betaxanthins (betalains), as well as phenolic acids (ferulic, caffeic, gallic and p-coumaric acids), flavonoids (e.g., astragalin, kaempferol, rutin and quercetin), carotenoids, coumarins, terpenoids, alkaloids and tannins [91,92,93,94].”
From Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations (2026) · cites this paper as [94]
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РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ КОМБІНОВАНИХ СМУЗІ ТА ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЇХНІХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ
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Navarro, L. L. D., dos Santos, P. D. D. S., Friedrichsen, J. D. S. A., de Campos, T. A. F., Alves, E. S., Saqueti, B. H. F., de Freitas, M. M. G., Kéller, F. T., Pimentel, T. C., & Junior, O. O. S. (2026) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.151640
- Authors
- Stoica, F., Râpeanu, G., Rațu, R. N., Stănciuc, N., Croitoru, C., Țopa, D., & Jităreanu, G.
- Affiliations
- "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi University of Life Sciences (RO)
- Integrated Center for Research, Expertise and Technological Transfer in Food Industry, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunărea de Jos University of Galați, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galați, Romania
- "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati (RO)
- Department of Pedotechnics, Faculty of Agriculture, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iași University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iași, Romania
- ORCID
- Venue
- Agriculture
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2025-01-26
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 270
- ISSN
- 2077-0472 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4406874630
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 181
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 12
- FWCI
- 24.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Agriculture (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Botanical Research and Applications
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food Science and Nutritional Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- red beetroot, Beta vulgaris, betalains, phenolic compounds, phytochemicals, extraction methods, antioxidant activity, antihypertensive effect, anti-inflammatory activity, anticancer effects, food waste valorization, circular economy, food industry applications, cardiovascular health, oxidative stress, food spoilage inhibition
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