Effects of tea saponin supplementation on nutrient digestibility, methanogenesis, and ruminal microbial flora in dorper crossbred ewe
Open accessAbstract
Two experiments were conducted using Dorper × thin-tailed Han crossbred ewes. In experiment 1, eighteen ewes were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments (a basal diet, or the same basal diet supplemented with 2.0 g tea saponin (TS)/head/day) to investigate the effects of TS supplementation on nutrient digestibility and methane emissions. In experiment 2, six ewes with ruminal cannulae were assigned to the same two dietary treatments as in experiment 1 to investigate the effects of TS supplementation on rumen fermentation and microbial flora. TS supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM) (p = 0.001), nitrogen (N) (p = 0.036), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (p = 0.001), and acid detergent fibre (ADF) (p < 0.001). Urinary N (p = 0.001) and fecal N (p = 0.036) output were reduced, and N retention (p = 0.001) and nitrogen retention/nitrogen intake (p = 0.001) were increased. Supplementary TS did not decrease absolute methane emissions (p = 0.519) but decreased methane emissions scaled to metabolic bodyweight by 8.80% (p = 0.006). Ammonia levels decreased (p < 0.001) and total volatile fatty acid levels increased (p = 0.018) in response to TS supplementation. The molar proportion of propionate increased (p = 0.007), whereas the acetate:propionate ratio decreased (p = 0.035). Supplementation with TS increased the population of Fibrobacter succinogenes (p = 0.019), but the population of protozoans tended to decrease (p = 0.054). Supplementation with TS effectively enhanced the apparent digestibility of OM, N, NDF, and ADF, and decreased methane emissions scaled to metabolic bodyweight.
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Tea saponins effectively decrease N2 emission in sheep.
“Furthermore, tea saponins have also been shown to effectively decrease N2 emission in sheep (157).”
From Phytogenic Additives Can Modulate Rumen Microbiome to Mediate Fermentation Kinetics and Methanogenesis Through Exploiting Diet–Microbe Interaction (2020) · cites this paper as [157]
The Simple Summary says tea saponin decreased nitrogen emissions, and Discussion §4.1 specifies decreased fecal and urinary nitrogen outputs in ewes. The paper does not establish a decrease in N₂ gas emissions; its measured gaseous emission was methane. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTea saponin does not affect methanogens and the total bacterial population including R. flavefaciens, R. albus, and Butyrivibrio, but effectively reduces protozoa.
“According to Liu et al. (157), tea saponin did not affect methanogens and the total bacterial population including R. flavefaciens R. albus, and Butyrivibrio. However, protozoa were effectively reduced in response to tea saponins.”
From Phytogenic Additives Can Modulate Rumen Microbiome to Mediate Fermentation Kinetics and Methanogenesis Through Exploiting Diet–Microbe Interaction (2020) · cites this paper as [157]
Results §3.3 reports no change in methanogens, total bacteria, R. flavefaciens, R. albus, or B. fibrisolvens. It reports only a tendency for protozoa to decrease (p = 0.054), so “effectively reduced” overstates that finding. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Batburged, N., Bae, G., Damdinsuren, G., Kim, S.-Y., Lee, H.-A., Jung, S.-Y., Kang, I.-K., Choi, D.-H., & Kim, C. (2025) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani15101372
Inhibition of Methane Production by Plant Secondary Compounds in Ruminants
Kandemir, A., Bölükbaşı, Ş. C., & Palangı, V. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-84483-6_204
Cahyo, H. N., Böttger, C., & Südekum, K. (2026) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2026.117084
- Authors
- Liu, Y., Ma, T., Chen, D., Zhang, N., Si, B., Deng, K., Tu, Y., & Diao, Q.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CN)
- Jinling Institute of Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Tu, Yan
- Diao, Qiyu
- Venue
- Animals
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-01-21
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 29
- ISSN
- 2076-2615 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6356566
- OpenAlex
- W2910939695
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 9.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Animals (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- China Agriculture Research System (CARS-38)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (41705129)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Animal Nutrition and Health
- Keywords
- tea saponin, nutrient digestibility, methane emissions, rumen fermentation, nitrogen retention, volatile fatty acids, Fibrobacter succinogenes, rumen protozoa, ammonia, feed additives
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