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Cited by 324Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyAnimal Nutrition and PhysiologyEssential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity

Natural products as manipulators of rumen fermentation

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Wallace, R. John, McEwan, Neil R., McIntosh, Freda M., Teferedegne, Belete, Newbold, C. James·2002·Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
DOI 10.5713/ajas.2002.1458
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Abstract

There is increasing interest in exploiting natural products as feed additives to solve problems in animal nutrition and livestock production.Essential oils and saponins are two types of plant secondary compounds that hold promise as natural feed additives for ruminants.This paper describes recent advances in research into these additives.The research has generally concentrated on protein metabolism.Dietary essential oils caused rates of NH 3 production from amino acids in ruminal fluid taken from sheep and cattle receiving the oils to decrease, yet proteinase and peptidase activities were unchanged.Hyper-ammonia-producing (HAP) bacteria were the most sensitive of ruminal bacteria to essential oils in pure culture.Essential oils also slowed colonisation and digestion of some feedstuffs.Ruminobacter amylophilus may be a key organism in mediating these effects.Saponin-containing plants and their extracts appear to be useful as a means of suppressing the bacteriolytic activity of rumen ciliate protozoa and thereby enhancing total microbial protein flow from the rumen.The effects of some saponins seems to be transient, which may stem from the hydrolysis of saponins to their corresponding sapogenin aglycones, which are much less toxic to protozoa.Saponins also have selective antibacterial effects which may prove useful in, for example, controlling starch digestion.These studies illustrate that plant secondary compounds, of which essential oils and saponins comprise a small proportion, have great potential as 'natural' manipulators of rumen fermentation, to the potential benefit of the farmer and the environment.(Asian-Aust.

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  • Plant secondary metabolites are natural substances with the potential ability to alter rumen fermentation without causing microbial resistance, and their residual effects can positively affect the animal end products.

    “Plant secondary metabolites are natural substances with the potential ability to alter rumen fermentation without causing microbial resistance, and their residual effects can positively affect the animal end products (27, 28).”

    From Phytogenic Additives Can Modulate Rumen Microbiome to Mediate Fermentation Kinetics and Methanogenesis Through Exploiting Diet–Microbe Interaction (2020) · cites this paper as [27]

    The Abstract describes plant secondary compounds as promising natural manipulators of rumen fermentation. In “Essential oils and ruminants” (page not provided), the paper says one comparison suggested ruminal bacteria did not adapt to essential oils, but it does not establish that plant secondary metabolites generally avoid microbial resistance. “Future Prospects” discusses possible improvements to ruminant products while warning that additives could adversely affect meat or milk quality; it does not report positive residual effects on end products. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. Eadie, J. M. and W. J. Shand. 1981. The effect of synperonic NP9 upon ciliate free and faunated sheep. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 40, 113A.
  2. Hostettmann, K. and A. Marston. 1995. Saponins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  3. Newbold, C. J. and D. G. Chamberlain. 1988. Lipids as rumen defaunating agents. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 47:154A.
  4. Teferedegne, B. 2000. The use of foliage from multipurpose trees to manipulate rumen fermentation. Ph.D. thesis, University of Aberdeen, UK.
  5. Tsuda, Y. Sasaki and R. Kawashima). San Diego, California: Academic Press, Inc. pp. 625-654.
  6. Williams, A. G. and G. S. Coleman. 1997. The rumen protozoa. In The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem (Ed. P. N. Hobson and C. S. Stewart). London: Blackie Academic and Professional. pp. 73- 120.

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Authors
Wallace, R. J., McEwan, N. R., McIntosh, F. M., Teferedegne, B., & Newbold, C. J.
Affiliations
University of Aberdeen (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
Publisher
Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies
Published
2002-01-01
Volume
15
Issue
10
Pages
1458-1468
ISSN
  • 1011-2367 (ISSN-L)
  • 1976-5517
DOI
10.5713/ajas.2002.1458
OpenAlex
W2161059150
Cited by
324
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 9
FWCI
10.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Department for International Development
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Keywords
natural feed additives, rumen fermentation, essential oils, saponins, plant secondary metabolites, ruminants, ammonia synthesis, rumen ciliate protozoa, bacterial lysis, starch hydrolysis, sheep, cattle

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