Elemental Composition of Biochar Obtained from Agricultural Waste for Soil Amendment and Carbon Sequestration

Wijitkosum, Saowanee; Jiwnok, Preamsuda

doi:10.3390/app9193980

Cited by 167Thermochemical Biomass Conversion ProcessesSoil Carbon and Nitrogen DynamicsAdsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal

Elemental Composition of Biochar Obtained from Agricultural Waste for Soil Amendment and Carbon Sequestration

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Wijitkosum, Saowanee, Jiwnok, Preamsuda·2019·Applied Sciences

DOI 10.3390/app9193980

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For an agricultural country such as Thailand, converting agricultural waste into biochar offers a potential solution to manage massive quantities of crop residues following harvest. This research studied the structure and chemical composition of biochar obtained from cassava rhizomes, cassava stems and corncobs, produced using a patented locally-manufactured biochar kiln using low-cost appropriate technology designed to be fabricated locally by farmers. The research found that cassava stems yielded the highest number of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area in the biochar product, while chemical analysis indicated that corncobs yielded the highest amount of C (81.35%). The amount of H in the corncob biochar was also the highest (2.42%). The study also showed biochar produced by slow pyrolysis was of a high quality, with stable C and low H/C ratio. Biochar’s high BET surface area and total pore volume makes it suitable for soil amendment, contributing to reduced soil density, higher soil moisture and aeration and reduced leaching of plant nutrients from the rhizosphere. Biochar also provides a conducive habitat for beneficial soil microorganisms. The findings indicate that soil incorporation of biochar produced from agricultural crop residues can enhance food security and mitigate the contribution of the agricultural sector to climate change impacts.

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A high surface area, large average pore size, and high total pore volume make biochar suitable for soil amendment by capturing CO2 and other greenhouse gases, lowering soil bulk density, increasing soil moisture retention and aeration, and reducing leaching of plant nutrients from the rhizosphere.
“The high surface area, high average pore size, and high total pore volume make biochar appropriate for soil amendment in capturing CO 2 and other GHGs, decreasing SBD, increasing soil moisture retention and aeration, and reducing leaching of plant nutrients from the rhizosphere (Wijitkosum and Jiwnok 2019; Batista et al. 2018).”
From Corn-cob Biochar Characterization and Application Effects to Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Evolution in Acid Soil Added with Different Types of Fertilizers (2021) · cites this paper as Wijitkosum and Jiwnok 2019
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The chemical analysis and HAABF images of corn-cob biochar agree with Wijitkosum and Jiwnok (2019), who reported that corn-cob biochar yielded the highest amount of carbon (81.35%).
“The results of chemical analysis and HAABF images of CCB are consistent with Wijitkosum and Jiwnok (2019) study, which indicated that CCB yielded the highest amount of C (81.35%).”
From Corn-cob Biochar Characterization and Application Effects to Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Evolution in Acid Soil Added with Different Types of Fertilizers (2021) · cites this paper as Wijitkosum and Jiwnok (2019)

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Doumer, M. E., Arízaga, G. G. C., da Silva, D. A., Yamamoto, C. I., Novotny, E. H., Santos, J. M., dos Santos, L. O., Wisniewski, A., de Andrade, J. B., & Mangrich, A. S. (2015) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2015.03.006 · Cited by 105 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The high pyrolysis temperatures lead to dissociation of organic aromatic C bonds, resulting in production of amorphous C [37,58,62,63,74].”
Background
Production and characterization of biochar from three-phase olive mill waste through slow pyrolysis.
Hmid, A., Mondelli, D., Fiore, S., Fanizzi, F., Chami, Z. A., & Dumontet, S. (2014) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.09.024 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Comparison of physicochemical features of biooils and biochars produced from various woody biomasses by fast pyrolysis
Kim, K. H., Kim, T.-S., Lee, S.-M., Choi, D., Yeo, H., Choi, I., & Choi, J. (2013) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2012.06.030 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Sustainable biochar effects for low carbon crop production: A 5-crop season field experiment on a low fertility soil from Central China
Liu, X., Ye, Y., Liu, Y., Zhang, A., Zhang, X., Li, L., Pan, G., Kibue, G. W., Zheng, J., & Zheng, J. (2014) · Agricultural Systems · doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2014.05.008 · Cited by 100 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Biochar absorbs and retains plant nutrients from both organic and chemical fertilizers, reducing the leaching of nutrients and potentially reducing the total amount of fertilizers needed, thus reducing production cost [22,87,105,114].”
BackgroundInfluential
Effects of phytolithic rice-straw biochar, soil buffering capacity and pH on silicon bioavailability
Li, Z.-M., Unzué-Belmonte, D., Cornelis, J., Linden, C. V., Struyf, E., Ronsse, F., & Delvaux, B. (2019) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-019-04013-0 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Biochar Production From Biomass Waste-Derived Material
Daful, A. G., & Chandraratne, M. R. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.11249-4 · Cited by 90 · cited 5× · see citing works
“Biorefineries use thermochemical processes (pyrolysis and carbonization) to convert biomass into biofuels and other bio-energy products [24,25].”
BackgroundInfluential
The effects of woodchip biochar application on crop yield, carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions from soils planted with rice or leaf beet
Lai, W., Lai, C.-M., Ke, G.-R., Chung, R., Chen, C., Cheng, C.-H., Pai, C., Chen, S.-Y., & Chen, C.-C. (2013) · Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers · doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2013.06.028 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Influence of temperature on organic structure of biomass pyrolysis products
Xiao, R.-R., & Yang, W. (2013) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2012.06.028 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Effects of biochar addition on evaporation in the five typical Loess Plateau soils
Wang, T.-T., Stewart, C. E., Sun, C., Wang, Y., & Zheng, J.-Y. (2018) · CATENA · doi:10.1016/j.catena.2017.11.013 · Cited by 74 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The surface area was analyzed by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method [50–52] and total pore volume and average pore diameter were analyzed by the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method [51].”
Method
Investigation of agricultural residues pyrolysis behavior under inert and oxidative conditions
Chen, Y., Duan, J., & Luo, Y.-H. (2008) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2008.07.008 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Pyrolysis of cassava rhizome in a counter-rotating twin screw reactor unit
Sirijanusorn, S., Sriprateep, K., & Pattiya, A. (2013) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.024 · Cited by 68 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The biomass is heated at 500–600 ◦C in a reduced oxygen or fully anoxic atmosphere [29,30].”
Method
Biochar from “Kon Tiki” flame curtain and other kilns: effects of nutrient enrichment and kiln type on crop yield and soil chemistry
Pandit, N. R., Mulder, J., Hale, S. E., Schmidt, H. P., & Cornelissen, G. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176378 · Cited by 67 · cited 3× · see citing works
“(2017) [46] who reported an average biochar yield”
BackgroundInfluential
GHG impacts of biochar: Predictability for the same biochar
Thomazini, A., Spokas, K. A., Hall, K. E., Ippolito, J. A., Lentz, R. D., & Novak, J. M. (2015) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2015.04.012 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Bioenergy and Biorefinery: Feedstock, Biotechnological Conversion, and Products
Amoah, J., Kahar, P., Ogino, C., & Kondo, A. (2019) · Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1002/biot.201800494 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Integration of sludge digestion and microalgae cultivation for enhancing bioenergy and biorefinery
Chen, Y.-D., Li, S., Ho, S., Wang, C., Lin, Y.-C., Nagarajan, D., Chang, J., & Ren, N. (2018) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.07.028 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Fast pyrolysis of mannan-rich ivory nut (Phytelephas aequatorialis) to valuable biorefinery products
Ghysels, S., Léon, A. E. E., Pala, M., Schoder, K. A., Acker, J. V., & Ronsse, F. (2019) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.05.042 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Characterization, stability, and plant effects of kiln-produced wheat straw biochar.
O'Toole, A., de Zarruk, K. K., Steffens, M., & Rasse, D. (2013) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2012.0163 · Cited by 38 · cited 4× · see citing works
“O’toole et al. (2013) [47] produced biochar from wheat-straw; the yield is around 24 ± 4.7%.”
BackgroundInfluential
Biochar in thermal and thermochemical biorefineries—production of biochar as a coproduct
Mašek, O. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100455-5.00021-7 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
A sustainable biorefinery to convert agricultural residues into value-added chemicals
Liu, Z., Liao, W., & Liu, Y. (2016) · Biotechnology for Biofuels · doi:10.1186/s13068-016-0609-8 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Yield response of indica and tropical japonica genotypes to soil fertility conditions under rainfed uplands in northern Laos
Asai, H., Saito, K., Samson, B., Songyikhangsuthor, K., Homma, K., Shiraiwa, T., Kiyono, Y., Inoue, Y., & Horie, T. (2009) · doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2009.02.010 · Cited by 31
Bioeconomy and Biorefinery: Valorization of Hemicellulose from Lignocellulosic Biomass and Potential Use of Avocado Residues as a Promising Resource of Bioproducts
Lara-Flores, A. A., Araújo, R., Rodríguez-Jasso, R. M., Aguedo, M., Aguilar, C. N., Trajano, H. L., & Ruíz, H. (2018) · Energy, environment, and sustainability · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-7431-8_8 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
BIOREFINERY : CONCEPTS, CURRENT STATUS, AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
Diep, N., Sakanishi, K., Nakagoshi, N., Fujimoto, S., Minowa, T., & Tran, X. (2012) · International journal of biomass and renewables · doi:10.61762/ijbrvol1iss2art13818 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Increasing the Amount of Biomass in Field Crops for Carbon Sequestration and Plant Biomass Enhancement Using Biochar
Wijitkosum, S., & Sriburi, T. (2018) · Biochar · doi:10.5772/intechopen.82090 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effect of biochar on Chinese kale and carbon storage in an agricultural area on a high rise building
Wijitkosum, S., & Jiwnok, P. (2019) · AIMS Agriculture and Food · doi:10.3934/agrfood.2019.1.177 · Cited by 13 · cited 7× · see citing works
“The biochar produced from the controlled temperature biochar retort for slow pyrolysis process is equivalent in quality to that produced under controlled laboratory conditions and was found in on-farm trials to contribute to soil improvement and boost yields in rice [34], soybean [49] and vegetable farms [23].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Biochar Amendment Experiments in Thailand: Practical Examples
Sriburi, T., & Wijitkosum, S. (2016) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316337974.019 · Cited by 11 · cited 8× · see citing works
“These findings have been documented in a variety of crops such as corn [108–111,113,114], soybeans [22], sorghum [105], cowpeas and peanuts [111].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Production and Characterization of Slow Pyrolysis Biochar
Ronsse, F., van Hecke, S., Nachenius, R., & Prins, W. (2011) · Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) · doi:10.5071/19theubce2011-vp2.5.18 · Cited by 8 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images showing differences in morphology of biochar produced from different biomass feedstocks.”
Method
Pyrolysis of walnut shell in a fixed-bed reactor
Beis, S., Onay, Ö., Atabay, E., & Kockar, O. (2000) · doi:10.1016/b978-008043865-8/50282-8 · Cited by 8 · cited 2×
“(2000) [48] studied biochar yield from walnut shell using Heinze retort with the controlled temperature between 400–700 ◦C.”
BackgroundMethod
Improvement of Rice Husk Residue Silicon Availability for Replenishing Available Silicon in Paddy Soil
Nwajiaku, I., Sato, K., Tokunari, T., Kitano, S., & Masunaga, T. (2018) · International Journal of Plant & Soil Science · doi:10.9734/ijpss/2018/43220 · Cited by 6
Chapter 1 – Biorefinery Concept*
Bajpai, P. (2013) · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409508-3.00001-8 · Cited by 1

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Sorted by citations

Biochar-Facilitated Soil Remediation: Mechanisms and Efficacy Variations
Guo, M., Song, W., & Tian, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2020.521512 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Conversion of waste cooking oil into biodiesel using heterogenous catalyst derived from cork biochar.
Bhatia, S., Gurav, R. G., Choi, T.-R., Kim, H. J., Yang, S.-Y., Song, H.-S., Park, J. Y., Park, Y.-L., Han, Y.-H., Choi, Y.-K., et al. (2020) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122872 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
A review on biochar production techniques and biochar based catalyst for biofuel production from algae
Lan, N. T., Anto, S., Ahamed, T. S., Kumar, S. S., Shanmugam, S., Samuel, M. S., Mathimani, T., Brindhadevi, K., & Pugazhendhi, A. (2020) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119411 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Biomass-derived Biochar: From Production to Application in Removing Heavy Metal-Contaminated Water
Chen, W.-H., Hoang, A. T., Nižetić, S., Pandey, A., Cheng, C. K., Luque, R., Ong, H. C., Thomas, S., & Nguyen, X. P. (2022) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.psep.2022.02.061 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Advancements in Biochar as a Sustainable Adsorbent for Water Pollution Mitigation
Laishram, D., Kim, S.-B., Lee, S., & Park, S.-J. (2025) · Advancement of science · doi:10.1002/advs.202410383 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Incorporation of Biochar to Improve Mechanical, Thermal and Electrical Properties of Polymer Composites
Das, C., Tamrakar, S., Kiziltas, A., & Xie, X.-F. (2021) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym13162663 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Recent Advances in Biochar Polymer Composites
Bartoli, M., Arrigo, R., Malucelli, G., Tagliaferro, A., & Duraccio, D. (2022) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym14122506 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
“Furthermore, depending on the type of feedstock, a variation in the quality and amount of heteroatoms and metal elements incorporated into BC has been observed [37].”
Background
Biochar derived from agricultural wastes and wood residues for sustainable agricultural and environmental applications
Wijitkosum, S. (2021) · International Soil and Water Conservation Research · doi:10.1016/j.iswcr.2021.09.006 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citation
A review of post-consumption food waste management and its potentials for biofuel production
Pour, F. H., & makkawi, Y. T. (2021) · Energy Reports · doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2021.10.119 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Building materials could store more than 16 billion tonnes of CO <sub>2</sub> annually
Van Roijen, E., Miller, S. A., & Davis, S. J. (2025) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adq8594 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
A comprehensive review on pyrolysis from the circular economy point of view and its environmental and social effects
Andooz, A., Eqbalpour, M., Kowsari, E., Ramakrishna, S., & Cheshmeh, Z. A. (2023) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136021 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Synthesis Methods, Properties, and Modifications of Biochar-Based Materials for Wastewater Treatment: A Review
Díaz, B., Sommer-Márquez, A. E., Ordóñez, P. E., Bastardo-González, E., Ricaurte, M., & Navas-Cárdenas, C. A. (2024) · Resources · doi:10.3390/resources13010008 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
“…(e.g., graphene oxide or carbon nano-tubes), complex organic compounds, such as chitosan, among others [32,123,124]. this sense, biochar-based composites can be prepared by impregnating or coating their surface with metal oxides, clays, carbonaceous structures (e.g., graphene oxide or carbon”
Background
Comprehensive review on lignocellulosic biomass derived biochar production, characterization, utilization and applications
Jayakumar, M., Hamda, A. S., Abo, L. D., Daba, B. J., Prabhu, S. V., Rangaraju, M., Jabesa, A., Periyasamy, S., Sagadevan, S., & Baskar, G. (2023) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140515 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
A Review on the Removal of Carbamazepine from Aqueous Solution by Using Activated Carbon and Biochar
Décima, M. A., Marzeddu, S., Barchiesi, M., Marcantonio, C. D., Chiavola, A., & Boni, M. R. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su132111760 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Application of Biochar as Functional Material for Remediation of Organic Pollutants in Water: An Overview
Gasim, M. F., Choong, Z.-Y., Koo, P.-L., Low, S.-C., Abdurahman, M.-H., Ho, Y.-C., Mohamad, M., Suryawan, I. W. K., Lim, J.-W., & Oh, W.-D. (2022) · Catalysts · doi:10.3390/catal12020210 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“Since carbon atoms are the building blocks of biochar (>65% carbon content [35]), understanding the carbon structural characteristics in biochar is of paramount importance for the successful utilization of biochar in environmental applications.”
Background
Biochar as a Green Sorbent for Remediation of Polluted Soils and Associated Toxicity Risks: A Critical Review
Murtaza, G., Ahmed, Z., Eldin, S. M., Ali, I., Usman, M., Iqbal, R., Rizwan, M., Abdel-Hameed, U., Haider, A. A., & Tariq, A. (2023) · Separations · doi:10.3390/separations10030197 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Waste to energy: A review of biochar production with emphasis on mathematical modelling and its applications.
Ganesapillai, M., Mehta, R., Tiwari, A., Sinha, A., Bakshi, H. S., Chellappa, V., & Drewnowski, J. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14873 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Comparison of the slow, fast, and flash pyrolysis of recycled maize-cob biomass waste, box-benhken process optimization and characterization studies for the thermal fast pyrolysis production of bio-energy
Adelawon, B. O., Latinwo, G., Eboibi, B., Agbede, O., & Agarry, S. (2021) · Chemical Engineering Communications · doi:10.1080/00986445.2021.1957851 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“…observed result is similar to the observation that has been reported by Mullen et al. (2010), Ceranic et al. (2016), Tippayawong et al. (2018), and Wijitkosum and Jiwnok (2019) for biochar derived from pyrolyzed corncob biomass and other pyrolyzed biomass such as safflower seed (Beis et al.…”
BackgroundResult
Characterization of Biochar Derived from Crop Residues for Soil Amendment, Carbon Sequestration and Energy Use
Venkatesh, G., Gopinath, K. A., Reddy, K. S., Reddy, B. S., Prabhakar, M., Srinivasarao, C., Kumari, V. V., & Singh, V. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14042295 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“These characteristics give biochar long-term chemical stability against microbial degradation [36], allowing it to persist in soil for hundreds of years [43].”
Background
Application of biochar derived from crops residues for biofuel production
Awogbemi, O., & Kallon, D. V. V. (2023) · Fuel Communications · doi:10.1016/j.jfueco.2023.100088 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Effect of physicochemical properties of biochar from different feedstock on remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil in mining area
Xu, X., Wu, Y., Wu, X., Sun, Y., Huang, Z., Li, H., Wu, Z., Zhang, X., Qin, X., Zhang, Y., et al. (2022) · Surfaces and Interfaces · doi:10.1016/j.surfin.2022.102058 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and the Source Biomass on the Properties of Biochar Produced for the Agronomical Applications as the Soil Conditioner
Kalina, M., Sovová, Š., Švec, J., Trudicova, M., Hajzler, J., Kubíková, L., & Enev, V. (2022) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma15248855 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“The determined content of C, H and N are comparable with the published literature [23].”
Result
A Review of Intermediate Pyrolysis as a Technology of Biomass Conversion for Coproduction of Biooil and Adsorption Biochar
Kazawadi, D., Ntalikwa, J. W., & Kombe, G. G. (2021) · Journal of Renewable Energy · doi:10.1155/2021/5533780 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“1 [89–91] C :N ratio (molar ratio) 80–177 [73, 92] 117–180 [85–87] 73–155 [21, 23] 104–135 [67, 89] O : C ratio (molar ratio) 0.”
Advances in Fe-modified lignocellulosic biochar: Impact of iron species and characteristics on wastewater treatment
Chon, K., Kim, Y. M., & Bae, S. (2024) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130332 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Investigation of Biochar Production from Copyrolysis of Rice Husk and Plastic
Wantaneeyakul, N., Kositkanawuth, K., Turn, S., & Fu, J. (2021) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c03874 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Biochar as Alternative Material for Heavy Metal Adsorption from Groundwaters: Lab-Scale (Column) Experiment Review
Viotti, P., Marzeddu, S., Antonucci, A., Décima, M. A., Lovascio, P., Tatti, F., & Boni, M. R. (2024) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma17040809 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and metal-free/metal-loaded polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics improved biochar properties and reduced environmental risk of heavy metals.
Li, W., Meng, J., Zhang, Y., Haider, G., Ge, T., Zhang, H., Yu, Y., & Shan, S. (2022) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119092 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Agricultural Wastes and Their By-Products for the Energy Market
Zielińska, M., & Bułkowska, K. (2024) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en17092099 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Advances and prospects for biochar utilization in food processing and packaging applications
Bhattacharya, T., Khan, A., Ghosh, T., Kim, J. T., & Rhim, J. (2024) · Sustainable materials and technologies · doi:10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e00831 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Corncob based biorefinery: A comprehensive review of pretreatment methodologies, and biorefinery platforms
Gandam, P. K., Chinta, M. L., Prashanth, N., Velidandi, A., Sharma, M., Kuhad, R., Tabatabaei, M., Aghbashlo, M., Baadhe, R., & Gupta, V. (2022) · Journal of the Energy Institute · doi:10.1016/j.joei.2022.01.004 · Cited by 41
Transforming waste into wealth: Leveraging nanotechnology for recycling agricultural byproducts into value-added products
Saxena, S., Moharil, M., Jadhav, P., Ghodake, B., Deshmukh, R., & Ingle, A. P. (2024) · Plant Nano Biology · doi:10.1016/j.plana.2024.100127 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Enhanced Biochar Production via Co-Pyrolysis of Biomass Residual with Plastic Waste after Recycling Process
Hongthong, S., Sangsida, W., Wongcharee, S., Chanthakhot, A., Aungthitipan, P., Suwannahong, K., Kreetachat, T., & Rioyo, J. (2024) · International Journal of Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1155/2024/1176275 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The multifaceted power of biochar: A review on its role in pollution control, sustainable agriculture, and circular economy
Bano, A., Aziz, M. K., Prasad, B., Ravi, R., Shah, M. P., Lins, P. V. D. S., Meili, L., & Prasad, K. S. (2025) · Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology · doi:10.1016/j.enceco.2025.01.004 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Carbon makes up more than 65 % of the biochar ’ s composition [44].”
Advances in mitigating methane emissions from rice cultivation: past, present, and future strategies
Tran, X., Tran, M. T. N., Rayee, R., Ngo, D. D., & Nguyễn, C. X. (2025) · Environmental science and pollution research international · doi:10.1007/s11356-025-36776-8 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Additionally, biochar application has been associated with increased rice yields, making it a viable strategy for sustainable agriculture in Thailand (IRRI 2024; Wijitkosum and Jiwnok 2019; Sriphirom et al. 2021).”
A review on the conversion of cassava wastes into value-added products towards a sustainable environment
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Ecotoxicological Effects of Biochar Obtained from Spent Coffee Grounds
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Valorization of pomegranate waste through green solvent extraction and biochar production: a zero-waste biorefinery approach
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Meta-analysis reveals the processes and conditions of using biochar to control antibiotic resistance genes in soil.
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Investigations on adsorptive removal of PVC microplastics from aqueous solutions using Pinus roxburghii–derived biochar
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Evaluating Copper-Doped Biochar Composites for Improving Wheat Nutrition and Growth in Oxisols
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The Role of High Carbon Additives on Physical–Mechanical Characteristics and Microstructure of Cement-Based Composites
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Applying Cassava Stems Biochar Produced from Agronomical Waste to Enhance the Yield and Productivity of Maize in Unfertile Soil
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Hydrochar from Agricultural Waste as a Biobased Support Matrix Enhances the Bacterial Degradation of Diethyl Phthalate
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Biochar‐Iron Oxide Composites for Adsorption of Chlorophenoxy Herbicides: Impact of Chlorine Substituents on Bath and Continuous Adsorption Performance
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“The elemental composition of biochar, including the C/N and C/H ratios, provides critical insights into its characteristics and suitability for agricultural or environmental applications (Wijitkosum and Jiwnok 2019).”
Evaluating Biochar Properties Derived from Various Agro-Residues Via Pyrolysis: A Comparative Study
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Exploring the Prospective of Weed Amaranthus retroflexus for Biofuel Production through Pyrolysis
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Synthesis of Hydroxy-Sodalite from Rice Husk Silica and Food-Grade Aluminum Foil as A Catalyst for Biomass Pyrolysis
Pandiangan, K., Simanjuntak, W., Avista, D., Arinanda, A. G., Hadi, S., & Amrulloh, H. (2022) · TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES · doi:10.48048/tis.2022.6252 · Cited by 5
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Carbon Sequestration in Support of the “4 per 1000” Initiative Using Compost and Stable Biochar from Hazelnut Shells and Sunflower Husks
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in biochar-amended soils: a review
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Management of yield losses in Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek crop caused by charcoal-rot disease through synergistic application of biochar and zinc oxide nanoparticles as boosting fertilizers and nanofungicides
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Corn-cob Biochar Characterization and Application Effects to Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Evolution in Acid Soil Added with Different Types of Fertilizers
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Conceptual framework for restoring soil fertility in arid Borno state, Nigeria with biochar from agricultural wastes
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Adsorptive removal of Carbamazepine from synthetic wastewater using Moringa oleifera seed coat
Azeh, P., Jimoh, M. O., Masitha, M., Iwarere, S. A., & Daramola, M. O. (2025) · South African Journal of Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.sajce.2025.11.015 · Cited by 3
Biochar from date palm enhances hydroponic growth of Ocimum Basilicum under arid conditions of Fujairah
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Calcium-rich bone biochar boosts fat, oil, and grease (FOG) biodegradability: Methane maximization and microbial community pattern
Li, T., Faisal, S., Tang, J.-L., Elsayed, M., Iqbal, N., Pu, Y., Henjes, J., Ende, S. S. W., & Abomohra, A. (2025) · Resources, Environment and Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100274 · Cited by 3

Authors: Wijitkosum, S., & Jiwnok, P.
Affiliations: Chulalongkorn University (TH)
Corresponding author: Wijitkosum, Saowanee
ORCID: Wijitkosum, Saowanee
Jiwnok, Preamsuda
Venue: Applied Sciences
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2019-09-23
Volume: 9
Issue: 19
Pages: 3980
ISSN: 2076-3417 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/app9193980
OpenAlex: W2977037614
Cited by: 167
References: 127
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 7
FWCI: 3.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
dx.doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Applied Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: Chulalongkorn University (CU-57-090-CC)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
Keywords: biochar, agricultural waste, crop residues, cassava rhizome, cassava stem, corn cob, slow pyrolysis, BET surface area, elemental composition, soil amendment, carbon sequestration, soil porosity, soil microbes, climate change mitigation, food security

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Elemental Composition of Biochar Obtained from Agricultural Waste for Soil Amendment and Carbon Sequestration

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