Cited by 156IoT and Edge/Fog ComputingEngineering Education and TechnologyBlockchain Technology in Education and Learning

Towards Next Generation Teaching, Learning, and Context-Aware Applications for Higher Education: A Review on Blockchain, IoT, Fog and Edge Computing Enabled Smart Campuses and Universities

Open access
Fernández-Caramés, Tiago M., Fraga-Lamas, Paula·2019·Applied Sciences

Abstract

Smart campuses and smart universities make use of IT infrastructure that is similar to the one required by smart cities, which take advantage of Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing solutions to monitor and actuate on the multiple systems of a university. As a consequence, smart campuses and universities need to provide connectivity to IoT nodes and gateways, and deploy architectures that allow for offering not only a good communications range through the latest wireless and wired technologies, but also reduced energy consumption to maximize IoT node battery life. In addition, such architectures have to consider the use of technologies like blockchain, which are able to deliver accountability, transparency, cyber-security and redundancy to the processes and data managed by a university. This article reviews the state of the start on the application of the latest key technologies for the development of smart campuses and universities. After defining the essential characteristics of a smart campus/university, the latest communications architectures and technologies are detailed and the most relevant smart campus deployments are analyzed. Moreover, the use of blockchain in higher education applications is studied. Therefore, this article provides useful guidelines to the university planners, IoT vendors and developers that will be responsible for creating the next generation of smart campuses and universities.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/app9214479

Cites

144 of 144 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The yellow cluster primarily comprises significant works associated with the application of blockchain for smart energy, smart tourism and entertainment, and smart education.

    “Lastly, the yellow cluster primarily comprises all significant works associated with the application of blockchain for smart energy (Alcarria et al. 2018; Park et al. 2018; Pieroni et al. 2018; Su et al. 2019; Wang et al. 2019), smart tourism and entertainment (Liao and Wang 2018; Nam et al. 2019), and smart education (Fernandez-Carames and Fraga-Lamas 2019).”

    From Blockchain technology in the smart city: A bibliometric review (2022) · cites this paper as Fernandez-Carames and Fraga-Lamas 2019

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Authors
Fernández-Caramés, T. M., & Fraga-Lamas, P.
Affiliations
Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
Venue
Applied Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-10-23
Volume
9
Issue
21
Pages
4479
ISSN
2076-3417 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2981883490
Cited by
156
References
144
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 1
FWCI
10.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Applied Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • RUC (Universidade Da Coruña) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2016-045, ED431G/01)
  • Agencia Estatal de Investigación of Spain and ERDF funds of the EU (AEI/FEDER, UE) (TEC2016-75067-C4-1-R)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Engineering Education and Technology
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning
Keywords
smart campus, smart university, Internet of Things, blockchain, fog computing, edge computing, higher education, context-aware systems, IoT gateway, energy consumption, communication architecture, university planning, cybersecurity

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