Cited by 174Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyExercise and Physiological ResponsesSports Performance and Training

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Lactate as a Signaling Molecule That Regulates Exercise-Induced Adaptations

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Nalbandian, Minas, Takeda, Masaki·2016·Biology

DOI 10.3390/biology5040038PMC PMC5192418

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Abstract

Lactate (or its protonated form: lactic acid) has been studied by many exercise scientists. The lactate paradigm has been in constant change since lactate was first discovered in 1780. For many years, it was unfairly seen as primarily responsible for muscular fatigue during exercise and a waste product of glycolysis. The status of lactate has slowly changed to an energy source, and in the last two decades new evidence suggests that lactate may play a much bigger role than was previously believed: many adaptations to exercise may be mediated in some way by lactate. The mechanisms behind these adaptations are yet to be understood. The aim of this review is to present the state of lactate science, focusing on how this molecule may mediate exercise-induced adaptations.

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Figure 1 HIF-1 activates signals which favor lactate production. Additionally, lactate indirectly affects HIF-1. The dotted arrows indicate transport and reactions, solid lines indicate increased (black) or inhibit (red) gene expression. HIF-1: hypoxia inducible factor-1; PDK: pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1; PFK: phosphofructokinase; PDH: pyruvate dehydrogenase; LDHA: lactate dehydrogenase A; ROS: reactive oxygen species; MCT4: monocarboxylate transporter 4.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 2 PGC1-alpha controls lactate transport and homeostasis. Lactate also affects PGC1-alpha. The dotted arrows indicate transport and reactions; solid lines indicate increased (black) or inhibit (red) gene expression. ROS: reactive oxygen species; PGC1-alpha: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha; LDHA/B: lactate dehydrogenase A/B; MCT1: monocarboxylate transporter 1.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Authors: Nalbandian, M., & Takeda, M.
Affiliations: Doshisha University (JP)
Corresponding author: Nalbandian, Minas
ORCID: Nalbandian, Minas
Takeda, Masaki
Venue: Biology
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2016-10-08
Volume: 5
Issue: 4
Pages: 38
ISSN: 2079-7737 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/biology5040038
PMC: PMC5192418
OpenAlex: W2528335443
Cited by: 174
References: 82
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 4
FWCI: 2.14
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords: lactate, lactic acid, exercise-induced adaptations, signaling molecules, muscle fatigue, glycolysis, energy metabolism, exercise physiology

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Lactate as a Signaling Molecule That Regulates Exercise-Induced Adaptations

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