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Regulation of the Phosphoinositide Code by Phosphorylation of Membrane Readers

Kervin, Troy A., Overduin, Michael·2021·Cells
DOI 10.3390/cells10051205PMC PMC8156045
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Abstract

The genetic code that dictates how nucleic acids are translated into proteins is well known, however, the code through which proteins recognize membranes remains mysterious. In eukaryotes, this code is mediated by hundreds of membrane readers that recognize unique phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs), which demark organelles to initiate localized trafficking and signaling events. The only superfamily which specifically detects all seven PIPs are the Phox homology (PX) domains. Here, we reveal that throughout evolution, these readers are universally regulated by the phosphorylation of their PIP binding surfaces based on our analysis of existing and modelled protein structures and phosphoproteomic databases. These PIP-stops control the selective targeting of proteins to organelles and are shown to be key determinants of high-fidelity PIP recognition. The protein kinases responsible include prominent cancer targets, underscoring the critical role of regulated membrane readership.

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  • Of the 51 human PX domain-containing proteins, 26 possess a serine or threonine at positions corresponding to SNX17 S38 or SNX3 S72.

    “of the 51 human PX domain-containing proteins, 26 possess a serine or threonine at positions corresponding to SNX17 S38 or SNX3 S72 (38, 42)”

    From Phosphorylation of SNX17 impedes activation of Retriever-mediated sorting (2025) · cites this paper as [38]

    Materials and Methods describes aligning human PX-domain sequences, and the Discussion identifies a conserved serine-containing motif in the PX superfamily. But the cited paper does not report that 26 of 51 human PX-domain proteins have serine or threonine at positions corresponding to SNX17 S38 or SNX3 S72; Results §3.1 instead describes an analysis of 49 human PX domains. The specific count and positional comparison are therefore unsupported by this source. (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Metadata

Authors
Kervin, T. A., & Overduin, M.
Affiliations
Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
ORCID
Venue
Cells
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-05-14
Volume
10
Issue
5
Pages
1205
ISSN
2073-4409
DOI
10.3390/cells10051205
PMC
PMC8156045
Cited by
13
References
3
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
  • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2018-04994)
  • Campus Alberta Innovates Program (RCP-12-002C)

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

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