Biofuels Production through Biomass Pyrolysis—A Technological Review
Open accessAbstract
There has been an enormous amount of research in recent years in the area of thermo-chemical conversion of biomass into bio-fuels (bio-oil, bio-char and bio-gas) through pyrolysis technology due to its several socio-economic advantages as well as the fact it is an efficient conversion method compared to other thermo-chemical conversion technologies. However, this technology is not yet fully developed with respect to its commercial applications. In this study, more than two hundred publications are reviewed, discussed and summarized, with the emphasis being placed on the current status of pyrolysis technology and its potential for commercial applications for bio-fuel production. Aspects of pyrolysis technology such as pyrolysis principles, biomass sources and characteristics, types of pyrolysis, pyrolysis reactor design, pyrolysis products and their characteristics and economics of bio-fuel production are presented. It is found from this study that conversion of biomass to bio-fuel has to overcome challenges such as understanding the trade-off between the size of the pyrolysis plant and feedstock, improvement of the reliability of pyrolysis reactors and processes to become viable for commercial applications. Further study is required to achieve a better understanding of the economics of biomass pyrolysis for bio-fuel production, as well as resolving issues related to the capabilities of this technology in practical application.
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Pyrolysis operates at higher temperatures (300-800°C) in an oxygen-free environment to favor the production of liquid pyrolytic oil (py-oil).
“pyrolysis, which operates at higher temperatures (300-800 • C) in an oxygen-free environment to favor the production of liquid pyrolytic oil (py-oil) [138]”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [138]
Section 2 (Pyrolysis Principles) describes pyrolysis in the absence of oxygen and the formation of condensable oils, but gives a decomposition range of 350–800°C rather than 300–800°C. Section 3.2 (Fast Pyrolysis) supports liquid-oil production under oxygen-free conditions. However, Section 7.3 (Syngas) says higher temperatures increase syngas production and decrease oil yields, contrary to the claim that higher temperatures favor oil. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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“Among the biomass to bioenergy conversion processes, pyrolysis has attracted interest because of its advantages in storage, transport and versatility in application such as combustion engines, boilers, turbines, etc. (Jahirul et al., 2012).”
BackgroundAn Overview of Recent Developments in Biomass Pyrolysis Technologies
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- Authors
- Jahirul, M., Rasul, M., Chowdhury, A., & Ashwath, N.
- Affiliations
- Queensland University of Technology (AU)
- Central Queensland University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Rasul, Mohammad
- Venue
- Energies
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2012-11-23
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 4952-5001
- ISSN
- 1996-1073 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2046701302
- Cited by
- 1,427
- References
- 197
- Citations by year
- 2026: 72 · 2025: 125 · 2024: 117 · 2023: 156 · 2022: 165 · 2021: 171 · 2020: 145 · 2019: 131 · 2018: 103 · 2017: 100 · 2016: 69 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 7
- FWCI
- 13.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Energies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Acquire (CQUniversity) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Mining and Gasification Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Keywords
- biomass pyrolysis, biofuels, thermochemical conversion, bio-oil, biochar, biogas, pyrolysis reactor design, biomass feedstock
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