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New Insights on the Effects of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Impaired Skin Healing in Diabetes and Chronic Venous Leg Ulcers

Serini, Simona, Calviello, Gabriella·2021·Foods
DOI 10.3390/foods10102306PMC PMC8535038
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Abstract

Long-chain Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3 PUFAs) are widely recognized as powerful negative regulators of acute inflammation. However, the precise role exerted by these dietary compounds during the healing process is still largely unknown, and there is increasing interest in understanding their specific effects on the implicated cells/molecular factors. Particular attention is being focused also on their potential clinical application in chronic pathologies characterized by delayed and impaired healing, such as diabetes and vascular diseases in lower limbs. On these bases, we firstly summarized the current knowledge on wound healing (WH) in skin, both in normal conditions and in the setting of these two pathologies, with particular attention to the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. Then, we critically reviewed the outcomes of recent research papers investigating the activity exerted by Omega-3 PUFAs and their bioactive metabolites in the regulation of WH in patients with diabetes or venous insufficiency and showing chronic recalcitrant ulcers. We especially focused on recent studies investigating the mechanisms through which these compounds may act. Considerations on the optimal dietary doses are also reported, and, finally, possible future perspectives in this area are suggested.

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Figure 1 Future perspectives in research on nonhealing ulcers and Omega-3 PUFAs. Possible roles of Omega-3 PUFAs in the following altered processes that hamper and delay healing in diabetes or chronic venous leg ulcers: (A) altered expression/secretion of MMPs by innate immune cells; (B), altered polarization of macrophages; (C), altered epigenetic modulation of gene expression; (D), altered microbiota skin composition.
Figure 1 Future perspectives in research on nonhealing ulcers and Omega-3 PUFAs. Possible roles of Omega-3 PUFAs in the following altered processes that hamper and delay healing in diabetes or chronic venous leg ulcers: (A) altered expression/secretion of MMPs by innate immune cells; (B), altered polarization of macrophages; (C), altered epigenetic modulation of gene expression; (D), altered microbiota skin composition.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Serini, S., & Calviello, G.
Affiliations
Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito, 1-00168 Roma, Italy
Venue
Foods
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-09-28
Volume
10
Issue
10
Pages
2306
ISSN
2304-8158
DOI
10.3390/foods10102306
PMC
PMC8535038
Cited by
14
References
14
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Linea D1 2019, Linea D.3.2 2015)

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