Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of a Remote Digital Musculoskeletal Program: An Ad Hoc Analysis from a Longitudinal Study with a Non-Participant Comparison Group

Areias, Anabela C.; Costa, Fabíola; Janela, Dora; Molinos, Maria; Moulder, Robert G.; Lains, Jorge; Scheer, Justin K.; Bento, Virgílio; Yanamadala, Vijay; Correia, Fernando Dias

doi:10.3390/healthcare10122349

Cited by 15Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationMobile Health and mHealth ApplicationsDigital Mental Health Interventions

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Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of a Remote Digital Musculoskeletal Program: An Ad Hoc Analysis from a Longitudinal Study with a Non-Participant Comparison Group

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Areias, Anabela C., Costa, Fabíola, Janela, Dora, Molinos, Maria, Moulder, Robert G., Lains, Jorge, Scheer, Justin K., Bento, Virgílio, Yanamadala, Vijay, Correia, Fernando Dias·2022·Healthcare

DOI 10.3390/healthcare10122349PMC PMC9778537

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Abstract

Digital solutions have emerged as an alternative to conventional physiotherapy, particularly for chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) management; however, its long-term effects remain largely unexplored. This study focuses on patients reporting CMP, assessing 1-year clinical outcomes after a multimodal digital care program (DCP) versus non-participants, who enrolled in the program but never engaged in a single exercise session or partook of the educational content made available to them. In this longitudinal study ad-hoc analysis, pain and functionality outcomes at 1-year reassessment were studied, focusing on the odds of reaching minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and, overall average reduction in both outcomes. Healthcare utilization was additionally studied within the same period. From 867 individuals allocated to the study, 460 completed the 1-year reassessment (intervention group: 310; comparison group: 150). The intervention group presented sustained and greater pain reduction until 1-year reassessment than the comparison group, reflecting greater odds ratio of achieving the MCID both in pain and functionality (1.90 95% CI: 1.27–2.86, p = 0.002 and 2.02 95% CI: 1.31–3.12, p = 0.001, respectively). A lower healthcare utilization during the 1-year follow-up was observed in the intervention group than in the comparison group. This study suggests that a digital CMP program may have a lasting impact on improved pain and functionality in patients with CMP.

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Digital rehabilitation is effective among several musculoskeletal conditions regardless of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic backgrounds.
“Previous research supports its effectiveness among several musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions [16-18] regardless of race/ethnicity [19] and socioeconomic backgrounds [20].”
From Exploring the Importance of Race and Gender Concordance Between Patients and Physical Therapists in Digital Rehabilitation for Musculoskeletal Conditions: Observational, Longitudinal Study (2024) · cites this paper as [17]
Citation [20] is attached to the claim that effectiveness holds regardless of socioeconomic background. The Methods (§2.8) list employment status among baseline demographics, and the Results (§3.2) describe employment, but neither reports outcomes by socioeconomic background. Searches for socioeconomic status, income, and education found no passage establishing that qualifier. (LLM, conf=0.74)
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Clinical outcomes one year after a digital musculoskeletal (MSK) program: an observational, longitudinal study with nonparticipant comparison group
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Authors: Areias, A. C., Costa, F., Janela, D., Molinos, M., Moulder, R. G., Lains, J., Scheer, J. K., Bento, V., Yanamadala, V., & Correia, F. D.
Affiliations: Sword Health Inc., Draper, UT 84043, USA
Institute for Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
Rovisco Pais Medical and Rehabilitation Centre, 3064-908 Tocha, Portugal
University of California, San Francisco (US)
Quinnipiac University (US)
Corresponding author: Correia, Fernando Dias
ORCID: Areias, Anabela C.
Costa, Fabíola
Janela, Dora
Molinos, Maria
Lains, Jorge
Scheer, Justin K.
Bento, Virgílio
Yanamadala, Vijay
Correia, Fernando Dias
Venue: Healthcare
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2022-11-23
Volume: 10
Issue: 12
Pages: 2349
ISSN: 2227-9032 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122349
PMC: PMC9778537
OpenAlex: W4309728731
Cited by: 15
References: 99
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3
FWCI: 1.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Healthcare (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Keywords: chronic musculoskeletal pain, remote physiotherapy, exercise intervention, analgesia, functional capacity, minimal clinically important difference, health care utilization, long-term outcomes

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Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of a Remote Digital Musculoskeletal Program: An Ad Hoc Analysis from a Longitudinal Study with a Non-Participant Comparison Group

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