Differences in Fat Mass Estimation Formulas in Physically Active Adult Population and Relationship with Sums of Skinfolds
Open accessAbstract
Changes in body composition and specifically fat mass, has traditionally been used as a way to monitor the changes produced by nutrition and training. The objective of the present study was to analyse the differences between the formulas used to estimate fat mass and to establish the existing relationship with the body mass index and sums of skinfolds measurement in kinanthropometry. A total of 2458 active adults participated in the study. Body mass index (BMI) and skinfolds were measured, and the Kerr, Durnin-Womersley, Faulkner and Carter equations were used to assess fat mass. Significant differences were found between all the formulas for the percentage of fat mass, ranging from 10.70 ± 2.48 to 28.43 ± 5.99% (p < 0.001) and fat mass from 7.56 ± 2.13 to 19.89 ± 4.24 kg (p < 0.001). The correlations among sums of skinfolds and the different equations were positive, high and significant in all the cases (r from 0.705 to 0.926 p < 0.001), unlike in the case of BMI, were the correlation was lower and both positive or negative (r from −0.271 to 0.719; p < 0.001). In conclusion, there were differences between all the formulas used to estimate fat mass; thus, for the evaluation of fat mass with kinanthropometry of an active adult, the use of the same formula is recommended on all occasions when the results are going to be compared or when an athlete is compared with a reference.
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There are many formulas for estimating body composition compartments, which are heterogeneous and not comparable with each other.
“In addition, there are many formulas for estimating the different compartments of body composition, which have an impact on the results obtained, and which are heterogeneous and not comparable with each other [97,98].”
From Body Composition of Male Professional Soccer Players Using Different Measurement Methods: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [97]
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Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
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- Authors
- Vaquero-Cristóbal, R., Albaladejo-Saura, M., Luna-Badachi, A. E., & Esparza-Ros, F.
- Affiliations
- Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), Av. de los Jerónimos 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Universidad Católica de Murcia (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Esparza-Ros, Francisco
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-10-23
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 7777
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7660690
- OpenAlex
- W3093865680
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 2.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- fat mass estimation, skinfold thickness, body composition, body mass index, physically active adults, athletes
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Body Composition, Humans, Nutritional Status, Reference Values, Skinfold Thickness, Body Mass Index
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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