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Cited by 277Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchGlycogen Storage Diseases and MyoclonusNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms

Energy Metabolism of the Brain, Including the Cooperation between Astrocytes and Neurons, Especially in the Context of Glycogen Metabolism

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Falkowska, Anna, Gutowska, Izabela, Goschorska, Marta, Nowacki, Przemysław, Chlubek, Dariusz, Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena·2015·International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DOI 10.3390/ijms161125939PMC PMC4661798
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Abstract

Glycogen metabolism has important implications for the functioning of the brain, especially the cooperation between astrocytes and neurons. According to various research data, in a glycogen deficiency (for example during hypoglycemia) glycogen supplies are used to generate lactate, which is then transported to neighboring neurons. Likewise, during periods of intense activity of the nervous system, when the energy demand exceeds supply, astrocyte glycogen is immediately converted to lactate, some of which is transported to the neurons. Thus, glycogen from astrocytes functions as a kind of protection against hypoglycemia, ensuring preservation of neuronal function. The neuroprotective effect of lactate during hypoglycemia or cerebral ischemia has been reported in literature. This review goes on to emphasize that while neurons and astrocytes differ in metabolic profile, they interact to form a common metabolic cooperation.

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  • Glutamate and GABA can be utilized as energy metabolites.

    “Although glutamate and GABA are mostly known for their roles as neurotransmitters in excitatory and inhibitory neurons, respectively, they can also be utilized as energy metabolites46–49.”

    From APOE4 is Associated with Differential Regional Vulnerability to Bioenergetic Deficits in Aged APOE Mice (2020) · cites this paper as [48]

    Section 6 (Figure 5; page unavailable) says glutamate can be converted to α-ketoglutarate for further metabolism in the TCA cycle, supporting its use in energy metabolism. The supplied passages and searches for GABA and gamma-aminobutyric acid found no corresponding support for GABA as an energy metabolite. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Authors
Falkowska, A., Gutowska, I., Goschorska, M., Nowacki, P., Chlubek, D., & Baranowska-Bosiacka, I.
Affiliations
  • Pomeranian Medical University (PL)
  • Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2015-10-29
Volume
16
Issue
11
Pages
25959-25981
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ijms161125939
PMC
PMC4661798
OpenAlex
W2130167079
Cited by
277
References
9
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 8
FWCI
2.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Pomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny W Szczecinie
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Glycogen Storage Diseases and Myoclonus
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Keywords
brain energy metabolism, astrocytes, neurons, astrocyte-neuron interaction, glycogen metabolism, lactate, hypoglycemia, neuroprotection, cerebral ischemia, lactate transport
MeSH terms
Animals, Astrocytes, Biological Transport, Brain, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Citric Acid Cycle, Diabetes Mellitus, Energy Metabolism, Glycogen, Glycolysis, Humans, Hypoglycemia, Synaptic Transmission, Neurons, Potassium, Glutamic Acid, Lactic Acid

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