Cited by 402Circadian rhythm and melatoninMitochondrial Function and Pathologymelanin and skin pigmentation

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Melatonin: A Mitochondrial Targeting Molecule Involving Mitochondrial Protection and Dynamics

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Tan, Dun-Xian, Manchester, Lucien, Qin, Lilan, Reiter, Russel·2016·International Journal of Molecular Sciences

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Abstract

Melatonin has been speculated to be mainly synthesized by mitochondria. This speculation is supported by the recent discovery that aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase/serotonin N-acetyltransferase (AANAT/SNAT) is localized in mitochondria of oocytes and the isolated mitochondria generate melatonin. We have also speculated that melatonin is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. It accumulates in mitochondria with high concentration against a concentration gradient. This is probably achieved by an active transportation via mitochondrial melatonin transporter(s). Melatonin protects mitochondria by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), and activating uncoupling proteins (UCPs). Thus, melatonin maintains the optimal mitochondrial membrane potential and preserves mitochondrial functions. In addition, mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics is also regulated by melatonin. In most cases, melatonin reduces mitochondrial fission and elevates their fusion. Mitochondrial dynamics exhibit an oscillatory pattern which matches the melatonin circadian secretory rhythm in pinealeocytes and probably in other cells. Recently, melatonin has been found to promote mitophagy and improve homeostasis of mitochondria.

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Authors: Tan, D.-X., Manchester, L., Qin, L., & Reiter, R.
Affiliations: The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
Corresponding author: Tan, Dun-Xian
Reiter, Russel
ORCID: Reiter, Russel
Venue: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2016-12-16
Volume: 17
Issue: 12
Pages: 2124
ISSN: 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122124
PMC: PMC5187924
OpenAlex: W2563008150
Cited by: 402
References: 206
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 32
FWCI: 3.48
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
Keywords: melatonin, mitochondrial targeting, mitochondrial protection, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial fission and fusion, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial permeability transition pore, uncoupling proteins, reactive oxygen species scavenging, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitophagy, acetyltransferase, oocytes, pinealocytes, circadian rhythm
MeSH terms: Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins, Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore, Animals, Antioxidants, Circadian Rhythm, Enzyme Activation, Humans, Melatonin, Mitochondria, Plants, Reactive Oxygen Species, Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial, Mitochondrial Dynamics, Mitophagy

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Melatonin: A Mitochondrial Targeting Molecule Involving Mitochondrial Protection and Dynamics

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