Lactoferrin: a natural Glycoprotein involved in iron and inflammatory homeostasis

Rosa, Luigi; Cutone, Antimo; Lepanto, Maria; Paesano, Rosalba; Valenti, Piera

doi:10.3390/ijms18091985

Cited by 376Iron Metabolism and DisordersInfant Nutrition and HealthAntimicrobial Peptides and Activities

Lactoferrin: a natural Glycoprotein involved in iron and inflammatory homeostasis

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Rosa, Luigi, Cutone, Antimo, Lepanto, Maria, Paesano, Rosalba, Valenti, Piera·2017·International Journal of Molecular Sciences

DOI 10.3390/ijms18091985PMC PMC5618634

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Abstract

Human lactoferrin (hLf), an iron-binding multifunctional cationic glycoprotein secreted by exocrine glands and by neutrophils, is a key element of host defenses. HLf and bovine Lf (bLf), possessing high sequence homology and identical functions, inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm dependently from iron binding ability while, independently, bacterial adhesion to and the entry into cells. In infected/inflamed host cells, bLf exerts an anti-inflammatory activity against interleukin-6 (IL-6), thus up-regulating ferroportin (Fpn) and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and down-regulating ferritin (Ftn), pivotal actors of iron and inflammatory homeostasis (IIH). Consequently, bLf inhibits intracellular iron overload, an unsafe condition enhancing in vivo susceptibility to infections, as well as anemia of inflammation (AI), re-establishing IIH. In pregnant women, affected by AI, bLf oral administration decreases IL-6 and increases hematological parameters. This surprising effect is unrelated to iron supplementation by bLf (80 μg instead of 1-2 mg/day), but to its role on IIH. AI is unrelated to the lack of iron, but to iron delocalization: cellular/tissue overload and blood deficiency. BLf cures AI by restoring iron from cells to blood through Fpn up-expression. Indeed, anti-inflammatory activity of oral and intravaginal bLf prevents preterm delivery. Promising bLf treatments can prevent/cure transitory inflammation/anemia/oral pathologies in athletes.

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LF inhibits adhesion to and invasion of host cells, as demonstrated in studies with enteroinvasive E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pyogenes and S. aureus.
“Yet another antibacterial activity of LF is its ability to inhibit the adhesion to and invasion of host cells as demonstrated in studies with enteroinvasive E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pyogenes and S. aureus (Rosa et al., 2017).”
From Iron in infection and immunity (2020) · cites this paper as Rosa et al., 2017
Section 2.1 reports that lactoferrin inhibits bacterial adhesion to host cells and describes inhibition of invasion by L. monocytogenes, S. pyogenes, and S. aureus. For E. coli invasion, however, it describes HB101(pRI203), a recombinant strain made capable of entering cells by an inv gene, rather than identifying an enteroinvasive E. coli pathotype. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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The interplay between cytokines, inflammation, and antioxidants: mechanistic insights and therapeutic potentials of various antioxidants and anti-cytokine compounds
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The Lactoferrin Phenomenon—A Miracle Molecule
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Lactoferrin as potential preventative and adjunct treatment for COVID-19
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Lactoferrin: A Critical Player in Neonatal Host Defense
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Decreased salivary lactoferrin levels are specific to Alzheimer's disease
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Lactoferrin and Its Derived Peptides: An Alternative for Combating Virulence Mechanisms Developed by Pathogens
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Iron homeostasis and disorders revisited in the sepsis
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Lactoferrin as Protective Natural Barrier of Respiratory and Intestinal Mucosa against Coronavirus Infection and Inflammation
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Lactoferrin Against SARS-CoV-2: In Vitro and In Silico Evidences
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Efficacy of Lactoferrin Oral Administration in the Treatment of Anemia and Anemia of Inflammation in Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women: An Interventional Study
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A Review on Lactoferrin and Central Nervous System Diseases
Li, Y.-Q., & Guo, C. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10071810 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Lactoferrin in Human Milk of Prolonged Lactation
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The Multifaceted Roles of Bovine Lactoferrin: Molecular Structure, Isolation Methods, Analytical Characteristics, and Biological Properties
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Innovative applications of whey protein for sustainable dairy industry: Environmental and technological perspectives—A comprehensive review
El-Aidie, S. A.-A. M., & Khalifa, G. S. A. (2024) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/1541-4337.13319 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Taurodeoxycholate Increases the Number of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells That Ameliorate Sepsis in Mice
Chang, S., Kim, Y.-H., Kim, Y.-J., Kim, Y., Moon, S., Lee, Y. Y., Jung, J. S., Kim, Y., Jung, H.-E., Kim, T.-J., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01984 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Lactoferrin as Antiviral Treatment in COVID-19 Management: Preliminary Evidence
Campione, E., Lanna, C., Cosio, T., Rosa, L., Conte, M., Iacovelli, F., Romeo, A., Falconi, M., Vecchio, C. D., Franchin, E., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182010985 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
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Development of Lactoferrin-Loaded Liposomes for the Management of Dry Eye Disease and Ocular Inflammation
López-Machado, A., Díaz‐Garrido, N., Cano, A. C., Espina, M., Badı́a, J., Baldomà, L., Calpena, A. C., Souto, E. B., García, M. L., & Sánchez‐López, E. (2021) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13101698 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Recent developments in purification techniques and industrial applications for whey valorization: A review
Kaur, N., Sharma, P., Jaimni, S., Kehinde, B. A., & Kaur, S. (2019) · Chemical Engineering Communications · doi:10.1080/00986445.2019.1573169 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Recombinant human lactoferrin induces apoptosis, disruption of F-actin structure and cell cycle arrest with selective cytotoxicity on human triple negative breast cancer cells
Iglesias-Figueroa, B. F., Siqueiros-Cendón, T., Gutiérrez, D. A., Aguilera, R. J., Espinoza-Sánchez, E. A., Arévalo‐Gallegos, S., Varela-Ramı́rez, A., & Rascón-Cruz, Q. (2019) · APOPTOSIS · doi:10.1007/s10495-019-01539-7 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Aerosolized Bovine Lactoferrin Counteracts Infection, Inflammation and Iron Dysbalance in A Cystic Fibrosis Mouse Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Chronic Lung Infection
Cutone, A., Lepanto, M. S., Rosa, L., Scotti, M. J., Rossi, A., Ranucci, S., Fino, I. D., Bragonzi, A., Valenti, P., Musci, G., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20092128 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
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The Potential of lactoferrin, Ovotransferrin and Lysozyme As Antiviral and immune-modulating Agents in COVID-19
Mann, J. K., & Ndung’u, T. (2020) · Future Virology · doi:10.2217/fvl-2020-0170 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The First-Row Transition Metals in the Periodic Table of Medicine
Cleave, C. V., & Crans, D. C. (2019) · Inorganics · doi:10.3390/inorganics7090111 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The ferroportin-ceruloplasmin system and the mammalian iron homeostasis machine: regulatory pathways and the role of lactoferrin
di Patti, M. C. B., Cutone, A., Polticelli, F., Rosa, L., Lepanto, M. S., Valenti, P., & Musci, G. (2018) · BioMetals · doi:10.1007/s10534-018-0087-5 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
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Harnessing biomolecules for bioinspired dental biomaterials
Fischer, N., Münchow, E., Tamerler, C., Bottino, M. C., & Aparicio, C. (2020) · Journal of materials chemistry. B · doi:10.1039/d0tb01456g · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Effect of Lactoferrin Supplementation on Inflammation, Immune Function, and Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Berthon, B. S., Williams, L. M., Williams, E. J., & Wood, L. G. (2022) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmac047 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Erythropoietin and Nrf2: key factors in the neuroprotection provided by apo-lactoferrin
Zakharova, E. T., Av, S., Павличенко, Н. Н., Kostevich, V. A., Abdurasulova, I. N., Владимирович, Ч. А., Voynova, I. V., Elizarova, A. Y., Kolmakov, N. N., Bass, M. G., et al. (2018) · BioMetals · doi:10.1007/s10534-018-0111-9 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Lactoferrin for Prevention and Treatment of Anemia and Inflammation in Pregnant Women: A Comprehensive Review
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Viral Hepatitis and Iron Dysregulation: Molecular Pathways and the Role of Lactoferrin
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Convolutions in the rendition of nose to brain therapeutics from bench to bedside: Feats & fallacies
Goel, H., Kalra, V., Verma, S. K., Dubey, S. K., & Tiwary, A. K. (2021) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.009 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Evaluating the in vitro efficacy of bovine lactoferrin products against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
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Ambulatory COVID-19 Patients Treated with Lactoferrin as a Supplementary Antiviral Agent: A Preliminary Study
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Iron Pathways and Iron Chelation Approaches in Viral, Microbial, and Fungal Infections
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Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements for Older Adults with Long COVID-19
Tosato, M., Ciciarello, F., Zazzara, M. B., Pais, C., Savera, G., Picca, A., Galluzzo, V., Coelho‐Júnior, H. J., Calvani, R., Marzetti, E., et al. (2022) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2022.04.004 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Lactoferrin's role in modulating NF-κB pathway to alleviate diabetes-associated inflammation: A novel in-silico study
Arain, M. A., Khaskheli, G. B., Barham, G. S., & Marghazani, I. B. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34051 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
High-efficiency selection of aptamers for bovine lactoferrin by capillary electrophoresis and its aptasensor application in milk powder
Zhu, C., Li, L., Yang, G. H., Irfan, M., Wang, Z., Fang, S., & Qu, F. (2019) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.088 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Could nutritional supplements act as therapeutic adjuvants in COVID-19?
Costagliola, G., Spada, E., Comberiati, P., & Peroni, D. G. (2021) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-021-00990-0 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Peptidomics Analysis of Milk Protein-Derived Peptides Released over Time in the Preterm Infant Stomach
Beverly, R. L., Underwood, M. A., & Dallas, D. C. (2019) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00604 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Targeting cancer with lactoferrin nanoparticles: recent advances.
Kondapi, A. (2020) · Nanomedicine · doi:10.2217/nnm-2020-0090 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
In silico investigation and potential therapeutic approaches of natural products for COVID-19: Computer-aided drug design perspective
Rahman, M. M., Islam, M. R., Akash, S., Mim, S. A., Rahaman, M. S., Emran, T. B., Akkol, E. K., Sharma, R., Alhumaydhi, F. A., Sweilam, S. H., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.929430 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Native and iron-saturated bovine lactoferrin differently hinder migration in a model of human glioblastoma by reverting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-like process and inhibiting interleukin-6/STAT3 axis
Cutone, A., Colella, B., Pagliaro, A., Rosa, L., Lepanto, M. S., di Patti, M. C. B., Valenti, P., Bartolomeo, S. D., & Musci, G. (2019) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109461 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
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COVID-19 Infection in Children and Infants: Current Status on Therapies and Vaccines
Malcangi, G., Inchingolo, A. D., Inchingolo, A. M., Piras, F., Settanni, V., Garofoli, G., Palmieri, G., Ceci, S., Patano, A., Mancini, A., et al. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9020249 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Nutraceuticals in Viral Infections: An Overview of the Immunomodulating Properties
Costagliola, G., Nuzzi, G., Spada, E., Comberiati, P., Verduci, E., & Peroni, D. G. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13072410 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Selected Immunological Mediators and Cervical Microbial Signatures in Women with Chlamydia trachomatis Infection
Filardo, S., Pietro, M. D., Tranquilli, G., Latino, M. A., Recine, N., Porpora, M. G., & Sessa, R. (2019) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00094-19 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Inhibitory effect of LL-37 and human lactoferricin on growth and biofilm formation of anaerobes associated with oral diseases
Wuersching, S. N., Huth, K. C., Hickel, R., & Kollmuß, M. (2020) · Anaerobe · doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102301 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The 15-Months Clinical Experience of SARS-CoV-2: A Literature Review of Therapies and Adjuvants
Inchingolo, A. D., Dipalma, G., Inchingolo, A. M., Malcangi, G., Santacroce, L., D’Oria, M. T., Isacco, C. G., Bordea, I. R., Candrea, S., Scarano, A., et al. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10060881 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
New Era in the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anaemia Using Trimaltol Iron and Other Lipophilic Iron Chelator Complexes: Historical Perspectives of Discovery and Future Applications
Kontoghiorghes, G. J., Kolnagou, A., Demetriou, T., Neocleous, M., & Kontoghiorghe, C. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22115546 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Lactoferrin: from the structure to the functional orchestration of iron homeostasis
Ianiro, G., Rosa, L., di Patti, M. C. B., Valenti, P., Musci, G., & Cutone, A. (2022) · BioMetals · doi:10.1007/s10534-022-00453-x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
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An overview on in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity of lactoferrin: its efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection
Rosa, L., Cutone, A., Conte, M. P., Campione, E., Bianchi, L., & Valenti, P. (2022) · BioMetals · doi:10.1007/s10534-022-00427-z · Cited by 39 · see citing works
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Lactoferrin in the Prevention and Treatment of Intestinal Inflammatory Pathologies Associated with Colorectal Cancer Development
Cutone, A., Ianiro, G., Lepanto, M. S., Rosa, L., Valenti, P., di Patti, M. C. B., & Musci, G. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12123806 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
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Development of topical eye-drops of lactoferrin-loaded biodegradable nanoparticles for the treatment of anterior segment inflammatory processes
López-Machado, A., Díaz‐Garrido, N., Cano, A. C., Espina, M., Badı́a, J., Baldomà, L., Calpena, A. C., Biancardi, M., Souto, E. B., García, M. L., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121188 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Physico-chemical properties influence the functions and efficacy of commercial bovine lactoferrins
Rosa, L., Cutone, A., Lepanto, M. S., Scotti, M. J., Conte, M. P., Paesano, R., & Valenti, P. (2018) · BioMetals · doi:10.1007/s10534-018-0092-8 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
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Antimicrobial Activity of the Peptide LfcinB15 against Candida albicans
Chang, C.-K., Kao, M., & Lan, C. (2021) · Journal of Fungi · doi:10.3390/jof7070519 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Therapeutic Implications of Ferroptosis in Renal Fibrosis
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Authors: Rosa, L., Cutone, A., Lepanto, M., Paesano, R., & Valenti, P.
Affiliations: Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
Corresponding author: Valenti, Piera
ORCID: Rosa, Luigi
Cutone, Antimo
Lepanto, Maria
Paesano, Rosalba
Valenti, Piera
Venue: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2017-09-15
Volume: 18
Issue: 9
Pages: 1985
ISSN: 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091985
PMC: PMC5618634
OpenAlex: W2755877600
Cited by: 376
References: 173
Citations by year: 2026: 34 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 1
FWCI: 4.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi del Molise (submittedVersion)
Funders: Sapienza Università di Roma
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
Keywords: lactoferrin, bovine lactoferrin, iron homeostasis, anemia of chronic disease, interleukin-6, ferroportin, transferrin receptor 1, ferritin, antibacterial activity, bacterial biofilms, bacterial adhesion, preterm birth
MeSH terms: Anemia, Animals, Anti-Infective Agents, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Female, Glycoproteins, Homeostasis, Humans, Inflammation, Iron, Lactoferrin, Oral Health, Pregnancy, Protein Binding, Structure-Activity Relationship, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency, Premature Birth

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Lactoferrin: a natural Glycoprotein involved in iron and inflammatory homeostasis

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