Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 78

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Caloric Restriction and Its Effect on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate Variability and Arterial Stiffness and Dilatation: A Review of the Evidence

Nicoll, Rachel, Henein, Michael·2018·International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DOI 10.3390/ijms19030751
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Essential hypertension, fast heart rate, low heart rate variability, sympathetic nervous system dominance over parasympathetic, arterial stiffness, endothelial dysfunction and poor flow-mediated arterial dilatation are all associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. This review of randomised controlled trials and other studies demonstrates that caloric restriction (CR) is capable of significantly improving all these parameters, normalising blood pressure (BP) and allowing patients to discontinue antihypertensive medication, while never becoming hypotensive. CR appears to be effective regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, weight, body mass index (BMI) or a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes, but the greatest benefit is usually observed in the sickest subjects and BP may continue to improve during the refeeding period. Exercise enhances the effects of CR only in hypertensive subjects. There is as yet no consensus on the mechanism of effect of CR and it may be multifactorial. Several studies have suggested that improvement in BP is related to improvement in insulin sensitivity, as well as increased nitric oxide production through improved endothelial function. In addition, CR is known to induce SIRT1, a nutrient sensor, which is linked to a number of beneficial effects in the body.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/ijms19030751

Cites

15 of 15 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 15 references

Research works printed but not linked: 85

  1. Poulter, 2015, Hypertension, Lancet, 386, 801, 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61468-9 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Carretero, 2000, Essential hypertension. Part I: Definition and etiology, Circulation, 101, 329, 10.1161/01.CIR.101.3.329 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Spelta, F., Bertozzi, B., Cominacini, L., and Fontana, L. (2015). Calorie restriction, endothelial function and blood pressure homeostasis. Vasc. Pharmacol., 65–66. · DOI
  4. Blumenthal, 2010, Effects of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet alone and in combination with exercise and caloric restriction on insulin sensitivity and lipids, Hypertension, 55, 1199, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.149153 · DOI
  5. Messerli, 2007, Essential hypertension, Lancet, 370, 591, 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61299-9 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Mertens, 2000, Overweight, obesity, and blood pressure: The effects of modest weight reduction, Obes. Res., 8, 270, 10.1038/oby.2000.32 · DOI · Paper page
  7. Caetano, 2015, Heart rate and cardiovascular protection, Eur. J. Intern. Med., 26, 217, 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.02.009 · DOI
  8. Stein, 2012, Caloric restriction may reverse age-related autonomic decline in humans, Aging Cell, 11, 644, 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2012.00825.x · DOI
  9. Hillis, 2012, Resting heart rate and the risk of death and cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Diabetologia, 55, 1283, 10.1007/s00125-012-2471-y · DOI · Paper page
  10. Hillis, 2012, Resting heart rate and the risk of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, J. Am. Heart Assoc., 1, e002832, 10.1161/JAHA.112.002832 · DOI
  11. Dekker, 2005, Metabolic syndrome and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in the Hoorn Study, Circulation, 112, 666, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.516948 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Mitchell, 2010, Arterial stiffness and cardiovascular events: The framingham heart study, Circulation, 121, 505, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.886655 · DOI · Paper page
  13. Raitakari, 2000, Testing for endothelial dysfunction, Ann. Med., 32, 293, 10.3109/07853890008995931 · DOI
  14. Green, 2011, Flow-Mediated Dilation and Cardiovascular Event Prediction—Does Nitric Oxide Matter?, Hypertension, 57, 363, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.167015 · DOI · Paper page
  15. Klempel, M.C., Kroeger, C.M., Norkeviciute, E., Goslawski, M., Phillips, S.A., and Varady, K.A. (2013). Benefit of a low-fat over high-fat diet on vascular health during alternate day fasting. Nutr. Diabetes, 3. · DOI
  16. Neal, 2000, Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists C. Effects of ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, and other blood-pressure-lowering drugs: Results of prospectively designed overviews of randomised trials. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration, Lancet, 356, 1955, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03307-9 · DOI · Paper page
  17. Appel, 1997, A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group, N. Engl. J. Med., 336, 1117, 10.1056/NEJM199704173361601 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Bakker, 2015, Cardiovascular flexibility in middle-aged overweight South Asians vs. white Caucasians: Response to short-term caloric restriction, Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 25, 403, 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.12.007 · DOI
  19. Hong, 2005, Analysis of weight loss outcomes using VLCD in black and white overweight and obese women with and without metabolic syndrome, Int. J. Obes., 29, 436, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802864 · DOI
  20. Jakobsdottir, 2016, Acute and short-term effects of caloric restriction on metabolic profile and brain activation in obese, postmenopausal women, Int. J. Obes., 40, 1671, 10.1038/ijo.2016.103 · DOI
  21. Most, J., Gilmore, L.A., Smith, S.R., Han, H., Ravussin, E., and Redman, L.M. (2017). Significant Improvement in Cardiometabolic Health in Healthy Non-Obese Individuals during Caloric Restriction-induced Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. · DOI · Paper page
  22. Li, 2013, Metabolic and psychological response to 7-day fasting in obese patients with and without metabolic syndrome, Forschende Komplementarmedizin, 20, 413
  23. Walford, 2002, Calorie restriction in biosphere 2: Alterations in physiologic, hematologic, hormonal, and biochemical parameters in humans restricted for a 2-year period, J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 57, B211, 10.1093/gerona/57.6.B211 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Erdem, 2018, Turkish Society of Hypertension and Renal Diseases. The effect of intermittent fasting on blood pressure variability in patients with newly diagnosed hypertension or prehypertension, J. Am. Soc. Hypertens., 12, 42, 10.1016/j.jash.2017.11.008 · DOI
  25. Kawamura, 1996, Factors that affect calorie-sensitive and calorie-insensitive reduction in blood pressure during short-term calorie restriction in overweight hypertensive women, Hypertension, 27, 408, 10.1161/01.HYP.27.3.408 · DOI
  26. Case, 2002, Impact of weight loss on the metabolic syndrome, Diabetes Obes. Metab., 4, 407, 10.1046/j.1463-1326.2002.00236.x · DOI
  27. Beleslin, 2007, The effects of three-week fasting diet on blood pressure, lipid profile and glucoregulation in extremely obese patients, Srpski Arhiv Za Celokupno Lekarstvo, 135, 440, 10.2298/SARH0708440B · DOI
  28. Sasaki, 2002, A low-calorie diet improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in obese patients with essential hypertension, Am. J. Hypertens., 15, 302, 10.1016/S0895-7061(01)02322-6 · DOI
  29. Goldhamer, 2001, Medically supervised water-only fasting in the treatment of hypertension, J. Manip. Physiol. Ther., 24, 335, 10.1067/mmt.2001.115263 · DOI
  30. Ghachem, 2017, Effects of a 6-month caloric restriction induced-weight loss program in obese postmenopausal women with and without the metabolic syndrome: A MONET study, Menopause, 24, 908, 10.1097/GME.0000000000000862 · DOI
  31. Volek, 2005, Carbohydrate restriction improves the features of Metabolic Syndrome. Metabolic Syndrome may be defined by the response to carbohydrate restriction, Nutr. Metab., 2, 31, 10.1186/1743-7075-2-31 · DOI
  32. Nicoll, 2017, Reversal of obesity: The quest for the optimum dietary regimen, Int. J. Nutr., 2, 24, 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-17-1548 · DOI
  33. Eshghinia, 2013, The effects of modified alternate-day fasting diet on weight loss and CAD risk factors in overweight and obese women, J. Diabetes Metab. Disord., 12, 4, 10.1186/2251-6581-12-4 · DOI
  34. Hoddy, 2016, Effects of different degrees of insulin resistance on endothelial function in obese adults undergoing alternate day fasting, Nutr. Healthy Aging, 4, 63, 10.3233/NHA-1611 · DOI
  35. Varady, 2009, Short-term modified alternate-day fasting: A novel dietary strategy for weight loss and cardioprotection in obese adults, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 90, 1138, 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28380 · DOI · Paper page
  36. Hoddy, 2014, Meal timing during alternate day fasting: Impact on body weight and cardiovascular disease risk in obese adults, Obesity, 22, 2524, 10.1002/oby.20909 · DOI
  37. Kessler, C.S., Stange, R., Schlenkermann, M., Jeitler, M., Michalsen, A., Selle, A., Raucci, F., and Steckhan, N. (2017). A nonrandomized controlled clinical pilot trial on 8 wk of intermittent fasting (24 h/wk). Nutrition. · DOI
  38. Fontana, 2004, Long-term calorie restriction is highly effective in reducing the risk for atherosclerosis in humans, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 6659, 10.1073/pnas.0308291101 · DOI · Paper page
  39. Williams, 2002, Cardiovascular health in childhood: A statement for health professionals on atherosclerosis, hypertension, and obesity in the young (AHOY) of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Circulation, 106, 143, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000019555.61092.9E · DOI · Paper page
  40. Klempel, 2012, Intermittent fasting combined with calorie restriction is effective for weight loss and cardio-protection in obese women, Nutr. J., 11, 98, 10.1186/1475-2891-11-98 · DOI
  41. Klempel, 2013, Alternate day fasting (ADF) with a high-fat diet produces similar weight loss and cardio-protection as ADF with a low-fat diet, Metabolism, 62, 137, 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.07.002 · DOI
  42. Moreira, 2010, Impact of 6-month caloric restriction on autonomic nervous system activity in healthy, overweight, individuals, Obesity, 18, 414, 10.1038/oby.2009.408 · DOI
  43. Yassine, 2009, Effects of exercise and caloric restriction on insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors in older obese adults—A randomized clinical trial, J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 64, 90, 10.1093/gerona/gln032 · DOI
  44. Thomson, 2008, The effect of a hypocaloric diet with and without exercise training on body composition, cardiometabolic risk profile, and reproductive function in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 93, 3373, 10.1210/jc.2008-0751 · DOI · Paper page
  45. Blumenthal, 2010, Effects of the DASH diet alone and in combination with exercise and weight loss on blood pressure and cardiovascular biomarkers in men and women with high blood pressure: The ENCORE Study, Arch. Intern. Med., 170, 126, 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.470 · DOI · Paper page
  46. Nakano, 2001, Calorie restriction reduced blood pressure in obesity hypertensives by improvement of autonomic nerve activity and insulin sensitivity, J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 38, S69, 10.1097/00005344-200110001-00015 · DOI
  47. Weiss, 2016, Effects of matched weight loss from calorie restriction, exercise, or both on cardiovascular disease risk factors: A randomized intervention trial, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 104, 576, 10.3945/ajcn.116.131391 · DOI
  48. Facchini, 2003, Changes of autonomic cardiac profileafter a 3 week integrated body weight reduction program in severely obese patients, J. Endocrinol. Investig., 26, 138, 10.1007/BF03345142 · DOI · Paper page
  49. Herlihy, 1992, Long-term calorie restriction enhances baroreflex responsiveness in Fischer 344 rats, Am. J. Physiol., 263, H1021
  50. Mager, 2006, Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting alter spectral measures of heart rate and blood pressure variability in rats, FASEB J., 20, 631, 10.1096/fj.05-5263com · DOI · Paper page
  51. Petersen, 2015, Effect of weight loss on pulse wave velocity: Systematic review and meta-analysis, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 35, 243, 10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.304798 · DOI
  52. Donato, 2013, Life-long caloric restriction reduces oxidative stress and preserves nitric oxide bioavailability and function in arteries of old mice, Aging Cell, 12, 772, 10.1111/acel.12103 · DOI
  53. Khoo, 2011, Comparing effects of a low-energy diet and a high-protein low-fat diet on sexual and endothelial function, urinary tract symptoms, and inflammation in obese diabetic men, J. Sex. Med., 8, 2868, 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02417.x · DOI
  54. Clifton, 2005, Effect of weight loss on inflammatory and endothelial markers and FMD using two low-fat diets, Int. J. Obes., 29, 1445, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803039 · DOI
  55. Volek, 2009, Effects of dietary carbohydrate restriction versus low-fat diet on flow-mediated dilation, Metabolism, 58, 1769, 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.06.005 · DOI
  56. Green, 2006, Relationship between changes in brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and basal release of nitric oxide in subjects with type 2 diabetes, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 291, H1193, 10.1152/ajpheart.01176.2005 · DOI
  57. Sakamoto, 1998, Effect of exercise training and food restriction on endothelium-dependent relaxation in the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rat, a model of spontaneous NIDDM, Diabetes, 47, 82, 10.2337/diab.47.1.82 · DOI
  58. Galvao, 2012, Effects of different degrees of insulin sensitivity on endothelial function in obese patients, Arquivos Brasileiros Cardiologia, 98, 45
  59. Sciacqua, 2003, Weight loss in combination with physical activity improves endothelial dysfunction in human obesity, Diabetes Care, 26, 1673, 10.2337/diacare.26.6.1673 · DOI
  60. Reaven, 2011, Relationships among Insulin Resistance, Type 2 Diabetes, Essential Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease: Similarities and Differences, J. Clin. Hypertens., 13, 238, 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2011.00439.x · DOI
  61. Lima, 2009, Prevalence of insulin resistance and related risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with essential hypertension, Am. J. Hypertens., 22, 106, 10.1038/ajh.2008.263 · DOI
  62. Jung, 2017, Relationship among age, insulin resistance, and blood pressure, J. Am. Soc. Hypertens., 11, 359, 10.1016/j.jash.2017.04.005 · DOI
  63. Emdin, 2001, Hyperinsulinemia and autonomic nervous system dysfunction in obesity: Effects of weight loss, Circulation, 103, 513, 10.1161/01.CIR.103.4.513 · DOI
  64. Arcaro, 2002, Insulin causes endothelial dysfunction in humans: Sites and mechanisms, Circulation, 105, 576, 10.1161/hc0502.103333 · DOI · Paper page
  65. Kuboki, 2000, Regulation of endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase gene expression in endothelial cells and in vivo: A specific vascular action of insulin, Circulation, 101, 676, 10.1161/01.CIR.101.6.676 · DOI · Paper page
  66. Surdackii, 1999, Reduced urinary secretion of nitric oxide metabolites and increased plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine in men with essential hypertension, J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 33, 652, 10.1097/00005344-199904000-00020 · DOI · Paper page
  67. Stuhlinger, 2002, Relationship between insulin resistance and an endogenous nitiric oxide synthase inhibitor, JAMA, 287, 1420, 10.1001/jama.287.11.1420 · DOI · Paper page
  68. Karaca, 2014, Microvascular dysfunction as a link between obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension, Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 103, 382, 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.12.012 · DOI
  69. McCarty, 2003, A preliminary fast may potentiate response to a subsequent low-salt, low-fat vegan diet in the management of hypertension—Fasting as a strategy for breaking metabolic vicious cycles, Med. Hypotheses, 60, 624, 10.1016/S0306-9877(02)00228-1 · DOI
  70. Tuck, 1992, Obesity, the sympathetic nervous system and essential hypertension, Hypertension, 19, I-67, 10.1161/01.HYP.19.1_Suppl.I67 · DOI
  71. Ikeda, 1996, Improvement of insulin sensitivity contributes to blood pressure reduction after weight loss in hypertensive subjects with obesity, Hypertension, 27, 1180, 10.1161/01.HYP.27.5.1180 · DOI
  72. Chen, 2003, Adiponectin stimulates production of nitric oxide in vascular endothelial cells, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 45021, 10.1074/jbc.M307878200 · DOI · Paper page
  73. Zavaroni, 2004, Relationship between plasma nitric oxide concentration and insulin resistance in essential hypertension, Am. J. Hypertens., 17, 549, 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.02.009 · DOI
  74. Dolinsky, 2011, Calorie restriction and resveratrol in cardiovascular health and disease, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1812, 1477, 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.06.010 · DOI
  75. Chou, 2010, Gender-specific effects of caloric restriction on the balance of vascular nitric oxide and superoxide radical, Cardiovasc. Res., 87, 751, 10.1093/cvr/cvq095 · DOI
  76. Zanetti, 2010, Caloric restriction improves endothelial dysfunction during vascular aging: Effects on nitric oxide synthase isoforms and oxidative stress in rat aorta, Exp. Gerontol., 45, 848, 10.1016/j.exger.2010.07.002 · DOI
  77. Rippe, 2010, Short-term calorie restriction reverses vascular endothelial dysfunction in old mice by increasing nitric oxide and reducing oxidative stress, Aging Cell, 9, 304, 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00557.x · DOI
  78. Li, 2010, Vascular insulin resistance in prehypertensive rats: Role of PI3-kinase/Akt/eNOS signaling, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 628, 140, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.11.038 · DOI
  79. Aranguez, 2015, Mild caloric restriction reduces blood pressure and activates endothelial AMPK-PI3K-Akt-eNOS pathway in obese Zucker rats, Vasc. Pharmacol., 65–66, 3
  80. Dolinsky, 2010, Calorie restriction prevents hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy in the spontaneously hypertensive rat, Hypertension, 56, 412, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.154732 · DOI
  81. Korda, 2008, Leptin induced endothelial dysfunction in obesity, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 295, H1514, 10.1152/ajpheart.00479.2008 · DOI · Paper page
  82. Mattagajasingh, 2007, SIRT1 promotes endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 14855, 10.1073/pnas.0704329104 · DOI · Paper page
  83. Gano, 2014, The SIRT1 activator SRT1720 reverses vascular endothelial dysfunction, excessive superoxide production, and inflammation with aging in mice, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 307, H1754, 10.1152/ajpheart.00377.2014 · DOI
  84. Ding, 2015, Calorie Restriction Attenuates Monocrotaline-induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Rats, J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 65, 562, 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000224 · DOI
  85. Shinmura, 2015, Indispensable role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in caloric restriction-induced cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 308, H894, 10.1152/ajpheart.00333.2014 · DOI

Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Nicoll, R., & Henein, M.
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2018-03-07
Volume
19
Issue
3
Pages
751
ISSN
1422-0067
DOI
10.3390/ijms19030751
Cited by
78
References
15
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.