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Cited by 902Dietary Effects on HealthNutritional Studies and DietGenetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms

Long-Term Calorie Restriction Is Highly Effective in Reducing the Risk for Atherosclerosis in Humans

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Fontana, Luigi, Meyer, Timothy E., Klein, Samuel, Holloszy, John O.·2004·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DOI 10.1073/pnas.0308291101PMC PMC404101
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Abstract

Little is known regarding the long-term effects of caloric restriction (CR) on the risk for atherosclerosis. We evaluated the effect of CR on risk factors for atherosclerosis in individuals who are restricting food intake to slow aging. We studied 18 individuals who had been on CR for an average of 6 years and 18 age-matched healthy individuals on typical American diets. We measured serum lipids and lipoproteins, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, blood pressure (BP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), platelet-derived growth factor AB (PDGF-AB), body composition, and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT). The CR group were leaner than the comparison group (body mass index, 19.6 +/- 1.9 vs. 25.9 +/- 3.2 kg/m(2); percent body fat, 8.7 +/- 7% vs. 24 +/- 8%). Serum total cholesterol (Tchol), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ratio of Tchol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, CRP, PDFG-AB, and systolic and diastolic BP were all markedly lower, whereas HDL-C was higher, in the CR than in the American diet group. Medical records indicated that the CR group had serum lipid-lipoprotein and BP levels in the usual range for individuals on typical American diets, and similar to those of the comparison group, before they began CR. Carotid artery IMT was approximately 40% less in the CR group than in the comparison group. Based on a range of risk factors, it appears that long-term CR has a powerful protective effect against atherosclerosis. This interpretation is supported by the finding of a low carotid artery IMT.

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Authors
Fontana, L., Meyer, T. E., Klein, S., & Holloszy, J. O.
Affiliations
Washington University in St. Louis (US)
Corresponding author
Holloszy, John O.
ORCID
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Published
2004-04-19
Volume
101
Issue
17
Pages
6659-6663
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
DOI
10.1073/pnas.0308291101
PMC
PMC404101
OpenAlex
W2134775482
Cited by
902
References
47
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 45
FWCI
29.83
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Università degli Studi di Padova
  • National Institutes of Health (5p60dk020579-35, DK56351, DK20579)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 56351, DK20579, P60-DK-020579, P30DK020579)
  • National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000036)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Keywords
caloric restriction, atherosclerosis, carotid intima-media thickness, serum lipids, lipoproteins, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting insulin, C-reactive protein, platelet-derived growth factor, blood pressure, body composition, aging, cardiovascular risk factors
MeSH terms
Adult, Arteriosclerosis, Body Composition, Body Weight, Humans, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Caloric Restriction

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