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Apolipoprotein C1: Its Pleiotropic Effects in Lipid Metabolism and Beyond

Fuior, Elena V., Gafencu, Anca V.·2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DOI 10.3390/ijms20235939PMC PMC6928722
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Abstract

Apolipoprotein C1 (apoC1), the smallest of all apolipoproteins, participates in lipid transport and metabolism. In humans, APOC1 gene is in linkage disequilibrium with APOE gene on chromosome 19, a proximity that spurred its investigation. Apolipoprotein C1 associates with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and HDL and exchanges between lipoprotein classes. These interactions occur via amphipathic helix motifs, as demonstrated by biophysical studies on the wild-type polypeptide and representative mutants. Apolipoprotein C1 acts on lipoprotein receptors by inhibiting binding mediated by apolipoprotein E, and modulating the activities of several enzymes. Thus, apoC1 downregulates lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, phospholipase A2, cholesterylester transfer protein, and activates lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase. By controlling the plasma levels of lipids, apoC1 relates directly to cardiovascular physiology, but its activity extends beyond, to inflammation and immunity, sepsis, diabetes, cancer, viral infectivity, and—not last—to cognition. Such correlations were established based on studies using transgenic mice, associated in the recent years with GWAS, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. The presence of a duplicate gene, pseudogene APOC1P, stimulated evolutionary studies and more recently, the regulatory properties of the corresponding non-coding RNA are steadily emerging. Nonetheless, this prototypical apolipoprotein is still underexplored and deserves further research for understanding its physiology and exploiting its therapeutic potential.

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Metadata

Authors
Fuior, E. V., & Gafencu, A. V.
Affiliations
Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu”, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
ORCID
Gafencu, Anca V.
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-11-26
Volume
20
Issue
23
Pages
5939
ISSN
1422-0067
DOI
10.3390/ijms20235939
PMC
PMC6928722
Cited by
186
References
7
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
  • European Regional Development Fund (POC-A.1-A.1.1.4-E-2015, ID: P_37_668)
  • Academia Româna (ICBP NS)

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