Cited by 120Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchGenetic Associations and Epidemiology

Non-coding variability at the APOE locus contributes to the Alzheimer’s risk

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Zhou, Xiaopu, Chen, Yu, Mok, Kin Y., Kwok, Timothy C. Y., Mok, Vincent C. T., Guo, Qihao, Ip, Fanny C., Chen, Yuewen +311 more·2019·Nature Communications

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of mortality in the elderly. While the coding change of APOE-ε4 is a key risk factor for late-onset AD and has been believed to be the only risk factor in the APOE locus, it does not fully explain the risk effect conferred by the locus. Here, we report the identification of AD causal variants in PVRL2 and APOC1 regions in proximity to APOE and define common risk haplotypes independent of APOE-ε4 coding change. These risk haplotypes are associated with changes of AD-related endophenotypes including cognitive performance, and altered expression of APOE and its nearby genes in the human brain and blood. High-throughput genome-wide chromosome conformation capture analysis further supports the roles of these risk haplotypes in modulating chromatin states and gene expression in the brain. Our findings provide compelling evidence for additional risk factors in the APOE locus that contribute to AD pathogenesis.

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  1. [33]Zook, J. et al. Reproducible integration of multiple sequencing datasets to form high-confidence SNP, indel, and reference calls for five human genome reference materials. bioRxiv 281006 (2018).

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Zhou, X., Chen, Y., Mok, K. Y., Kwok, T. C. Y., Mok, V. C. T., Guo, Q., Ip, F. C., Chen, Y., Mullapudi, N., Initiative, A. D. N., Weiner, M. W., Aisen, P., Petersen, R., Jack, C. R., Jagust, W., Trojanowski, J. Q., Toga, A. W., Beckett, L., Green, R. C., Saykin, A. J., Morris, J., Shaw, L. M., Khachaturian, Z., Sorensen, G., Kuller, L., Raichle, M., Paul, S., Davies, P., Fillit, H., Hefti, F., Holtzman, D., Mesulam, M. M., Potter, W., Snyder, P., Schwartz, A., Montine, T., Thomas, R. G., Donohue, M., Walter, S., Gessert, D., Sather, T., Jiminez, G., Harvey, D., Bernstein, M., Thompson, P., Schuff, N., Borowski, B., Gunter, J., Senjem, M., Vemuri, P., Jones, D., Kantarci, K., Ward, C., Koeppe, R. A., Foster, N., Reiman, E. M., Chen, K., Mathis, C., Landau, S., Cairns, N. J., Householder, E., Taylor-Reinwald, L., Lee, V., Korecka, M., Figurski, M., Crawford, K., Neu, S., Foroud, T. M., Potkin, S. G., Shen, L., Faber, K., Kim, S., Nho, K., Thal, L., Buckholtz, N., Albert, M., Frank, R., Hsiao, J., Kaye, J., Quinn, J., Lind, B., Carter, R., Dolen, S., Schneider, L. S., Pawluczyk, S., Beccera, M., Teodoro, L., Spann, B. M., Brewer, J., Vanderswag, H., Fleisher, A., Heidebrink, J. L., Lord, J. L., Mason, S. S., Albers, C. S., Knopman, D., Johnson, K., Doody, R. S., Villanueva-Meyer, J., Chowdhury, M., Rountree, S., Dang, M., Stern, Y., Honig, L. S., Bell, K. L., Ances, B., Carroll, M., Leon, S., Mintun, M. A., Schneider, S., Oliver, A., Marson, D., Griffith, R., Clark, D., Geldmacher, D., Brockington, J., Roberson, E., Grossman, H., Mitsis, E., de Toledo-Morrell, L., Shah, R. C., Duara, R., Varon, D., Greig, M. T., Roberts, P., Onyike, C., D’Agostino, D., Kielb, S., Galvin, J. E., Cerbone, B., Michel, C. A., Rusinek, H., de Leon, M. J., Glodzik, L., De Santi, S., Doraiswamy, P. M., Petrella, J. R., Wong, T. Z., Arnold, S. E., Karlawish, J. H., Wolk, D., Smith, C. D., Jicha, G., Hardy, P., Sinha, P., Oates, E., Conrad, G., Lopez, O. L., Oakley, M., Simpson, D. M., Porsteinsson, A. P., Goldstein, B. S., Martin, K., Makino, K. M., Ismail, M. S., Brand, C., Mulnard, R. A., Thai, G., McAdams-Ortiz, C., Womack, K., Mathews, D., Quiceno, M., Diaz-Arrastia, R., King, R., Weiner, M., Martin-Cook, K., DeVous, M., Levey, A. I., Lah, J. J., Cellar, J. S., Burns, J. M., Anderson, H. S., Swerdlow, R. H., Apostolova, L., Tingus, K., Woo, E., Silverman, D. H. S., Lu, P. H., Bartzokis, G., Graff-Radford, N. R., Parfitt, F., Kendall, T., Johnson, H., Farlow, M. R., Hake, A. M., Matthews, B. R., Herring, S., Hunt, C., van Dyck, C. H., Carson, R. E., MacAvoy, M. G., Chertkow, H., Bergman, H., Hosein, C., Hsiung, G.-Y. R., Feldman, H., Mudge, B., Assaly, M., Bernick, C., Munic, D., Kertesz, A., Rogers, J., Trost, D., Kerwin, D., Lipowski, K., Wu, C.-K., Johnson, N., Sadowsky, C., Martinez, W., Villena, T., Turner, R. S., Johnson, K., Reynolds, B., Sperling, R. A., Johnson, K. A., Marshall, G., Frey, M., Lane, B., Rosen, A., Tinklenberg, J., Sabbagh, M. N., Belden, C. M., Jacobson, S. A., Sirrel, S. A., Kowall, N., Killiany, R., Budson, A. E., Norbash, A., Johnson, P. L., Allard, J., Lerner, A., Ogrocki, P., Hudson, L., Fletcher, E., Carmichael, O., Olichney, J., DeCarli, C., Kittur, S., Borrie, M., Lee, T.-Y., Bartha, R., Johnson, S., Asthana, S., Carlsson, C. M., Preda, A., Nguyen, D., Tariot, P., Reeder, S., Bates, V., Capote, H., Rainka, M., Scharre, D. W., Kataki, M., Adeli, A., Zimmerman, E. A., Celmins, D., Brown, A. D., Pearlson, G. D., Blank, K., Anderson, K., Santulli, R. B., Kitzmiller, T. J., Schwartz, E. S., Sink, K. M., Williamson, J. D., Garg, P., Watkins, F., Ott, B. R., Querfurth, H., Tremont, G., Salloway, S., Malloy, P., Correia, S., Rosen, H. J., Miller, B. L., Mintzer, J., Spicer, K., Bachman, D., Pasternak, S., Rachinsky, I., Drost, D., Pomara, N., Hernando, R., Sarrael, A., Schultz, S. K., Boles Ponto, L. L., Shim, H., Smith, K. E., Relkin, N., Chaing, G., Raudin, L., Smith, A., Fargher, K., Raj, B. A., Neylan, T., Grafman, J., Davis, M., Morrison, R., Hayes, J., Finley, S., Friedl, K., Fleischman, D., Arfanakis, K., James, O., Massoglia, D., Fruehling, J. J., Harding, S., Peskind, E. R., Petrie, E. C., Li, G., Yesavage, J. A., Taylor, J. L., Furst, A. J., Giusti-Rodríguez, P., Sullivan, P. F., Hardy, J., Fu, A. K. Y., Li, Y., & Ip, N. Y.
Affiliations
  • Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HK)
  • Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
  • Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
  • Fudan University (CN)
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
  • Mayo Clinic (US)
  • University of Pennsylvania (US)
  • University of Southern California (US)
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
  • Washington University in St. Louis (US)
  • Siemens (Germany) (DE)
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
  • Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
  • Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation (US)
  • Northwestern University (US)
  • Brown University (US)
  • Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
  • University of Washington (US)
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • University of Utah (US)
  • Banner Alzheimer’s Institute (US)
  • University of California, Irvine (US)
  • Indiana University Bloomington (US)
  • University of California San Diego (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • Oregon Health & Science University (US)
  • University of Michigan (US)
  • Baylor College of Medicine (US)
  • University of Alabama (US)
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
  • Rush University Medical Center (US)
  • New York University (US)
  • Duke Medical Center (US)
  • University of Kentucky (US)
  • University of Rochester Medicine (US)
  • The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
  • Emory University (US)
  • University of Kansas Medical Center (US)
  • Mayo Clinic in Florida (US)
  • Yale University (US)
  • Jewish General Hospital (CA)
  • University of British Columbia (CA)
  • Cleveland Clinic (US)
  • St Joseph's Health Care (CA)
  • Palm Beach Neurology (US)
  • Georgetown University Medical Center (US)
  • Banner Sun Health Research Institute (US)
  • Boston University (US)
  • Howard University (US)
  • Case Western Reserve University (US)
  • University of California, Davis (US)
  • University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
  • Dent Neurologic Institute (US)
  • The Ohio State University (US)
  • Albany Medical College (US)
  • Hartford Hospital (US)
  • Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center (US)
  • Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
  • Rhode Island Hospital (US)
  • Butler Hospital (US)
  • Medical University of South Carolina (US)
  • Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (US)
  • University of Iowa (US)
  • Cornell University (US)
  • University of South Florida (US)
  • United States Department of Defense (US)
  • Stanford University (US)
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Corresponding author
Ip, Nancy Y.
ORCID
Venue
Nature Communications
Published
2019-07-25
Volume
10
Issue
1
Pages
3310-3310
ISSN
2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2962898942
Cited by
120
References
73
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 3
FWCI
13.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
  • Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Scholarship@Western (Western University) (submittedVersion)
  • UNC Libraries
Funders
  • Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
  • Parkinson's UK (G-0907)
  • Rosetrees Trust
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (ITCPD/17-9, 2018B030336001, T13-607/12R, 973 Program, JCYJ20170413173717055, 31400923, 2013CB530900, JCYJ20170413165053031, 31671047, AoE/M-604/16)
  • University Grants Committee (T13-607/12R, AoE/M-604/16)
  • Chinese University of Hong Kong
  • Shenzhen Knowledge Innovation Program (JCYJ20170413173717055, JCYJ20170413165053031)
  • Nature
  • National Institutes of Health (UL1TR002369)
  • Medical Research Council (MR/K01417X/1, MR/L501542/1, MR/N026004/1)
  • National Key Research and Development Program of China (SQ2018YFE020417, 2013CB530900, 2017YFE0190000, 2018B030336001)
  • National Institute on Aging (P30AG010124, P30AG059307)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH109772)
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, APOE ε4, non-coding variants, risk haplotype, PVRL2, APOC1, late-onset Alzheimer's disease, chromatin looping, chromosome conformation capture, gene expression, cognitive performance, brain gene expression, blood gene expression, genetic risk factors
MeSH terms
Nectins, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Apolipoproteins C, Apolipoproteins E, Brain, Cognition, Female, Haplotypes, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Genetic Variation, Gene Expression, Case-Control Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

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