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Cited by 1,820Protease and Inhibitor MechanismsTGF-β signaling in diseasesPeptidase Inhibition and Analysis

The Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Human Diseases

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Cabral-Pacheco, Griselda A, Garza-Veloz, Idalia, Castruita-De la Rosa, Claudia, Ramirez-Acuña, Jesús M, Perez-Romero, Braulio A, Guerrero-Rodriguez, Jesús F, Martinez-Avila, Nadia, Martinez-Fierro, Margarita L·2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DOI 10.3390/ijms21249739PMC PMC7767220
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Abstract

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling endopeptidases that have the capacity to degrade almost every component of the ECM. The degradation of the ECM is of great importance, since it is related to embryonic development and angiogenesis. It is also involved in cell repair and the remodeling of tissues. When the expression of MMPs is altered, it can generate the abnormal degradation of the ECM. This is the initial cause of the development of chronic degenerative diseases and vascular complications generated by diabetes. In addition, this process has an association with neurodegeneration and cancer progression. Within the ECM, the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) inhibit the proteolytic activity of MMPs. TIMPs are important regulators of ECM turnover, tissue remodeling, and cellular behavior. Therefore, TIMPs (similar to MMPs) modulate angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. An interruption in the balance between MMPs and TIMPs has been implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of several diseases. This review focuses on the participation of both MMPs (e.g., MMP-2 and MMP-9) and TIMPs (e.g., TIMP-1 and TIMP-3) in physiological processes and on how their abnormal regulation is associated with human diseases. The inclusion of current strategies and mechanisms of MMP inhibition in the development of new therapies targeting MMPs was also considered.

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  • miR-181 selectively inhibits collagen-producing genes, disassembling the molecular scaffolding of fibrosis.

    “while miR-181 selectively inhibits collagen-producing genes, thereby disassembling the molecular scaffolding of fibrosis [62, 63].”

    From From signaling pathways to clinical trials: mesenchymal stem cells as multimodal regenerative architects in liver cirrhosis therapy (2025) · cites this paper as [63]

    Section 4.7 (page unavailable) says members of the miR-181 family suppress TIMP-3, but does not address whether miR-181 inhibits collagen-producing genes or reduces fibrosis. Searches for miR-181 with collagen, fibrosis, and extracellular-matrix terms found no passage establishing the claimed effect. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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Authors
Cabral-Pacheco, G. A., Garza-Veloz, I., Castruita-De la Rosa, C., Ramirez-Acuña, J. M., Perez-Romero, B. A., Guerrero-Rodriguez, J. F., Martinez-Avila, N., & Martinez-Fierro, M. L.
Affiliations
Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara Km.6. Ejido la Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-12-20
Volume
21
Issue
24
Pages
9739
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ijms21249739
PMC
PMC7767220
OpenAlex
W3117437033
Cited by
1,820
References
13
Citations by year
2026: 305 · 2025: 475 · 2024: 453 · 2023: 324 · 2022: 205 · 2021: 55
FWCI
14.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias con Orientación en Medicina Molecular (NA)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › TGF-β signaling in diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
Keywords
matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, extracellular matrix remodeling, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-3, angiogenesis, diabetes complications, neurodegeneration, tumor progression, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors
MeSH terms
Chronic Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Extracellular Matrix, Humans, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3, Matrix Metalloproteinase 2, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9, Matrix Metalloproteinases

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