Mental health and psychological wellbeing during the COVID-19 lockdown: a longitudinal study in the Balearic islands (Spain).
Open accessAbstract
Confining the entire population to a lockdown after the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 was an unprecedented measure designed to protect the health of those living in Spain. The objective of the present study is to assess the evolution of mental health and psychological wellbeing during lockdown. To do this, we carried out a longitudinal study, via an online survey over the eight weeks of lockdown (weekly assessments). Sociodemographic variables were recorded, along with data related to COVID-19, psychological wellbeing (anxiety, depression, psychotropic drugs, consultations made to improve mood or anxiety), life satisfaction, and self-perceived health. A total of 681 individuals participated in the study, 76.8% were women; the mean age was 43 years old (SD = 12.7). Initially, high scores were reported for anxiety, depression, and the number of consultations to improve mood, but these decreased significantly over the study period. The reverse seems to be true for life satisfaction, perceived good health, and intake of psychotropic drugs. We also identified groups whose psychological wellbeing was more susceptible to the effects of lockdown. Women, those worried about their jobs after the pandemic, and those afraid of being infected were the most affected individuals. More generally, after the initial negative effect on psychological wellbeing, various indicators improved over the lockdown period.
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Anxiety and depressive symptoms improved after weeks four and five, suggesting that people might show resilience to the negative consequences of lockdown.
“Anxiety and depressive symptoms improved after weeks four and five, suggesting that people might show resilience to the negative consequences of lockdown (45).”
From The Evolution of Psychological and Behavioral Consequences of Self-Isolation During Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study Across United Kingdom and Italy (2022) · cites this paper as [45]
In an 8-week longitudinal study during lockdown in Spain, psychological wellbeing, life satisfaction, and self-perceived health did not remain stable.
“Ripoll et al. (45) conducted a longitudinal study over 8 weeks during the lockdown in Spain and reported that psychological wellbeing, life satisfaction and self-perceived health did not remain stable during the duration of the study.”
From The Evolution of Psychological and Behavioral Consequences of Self-Isolation During Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study Across United Kingdom and Italy (2022) · cites this paper as [45]
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- Authors
- Ripoll, J., Contreras-Martos, S., Esteva, M., Soler, A., & Serrano-Ripoll, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (ES)
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Health Service, 07002 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Corresponding author
- Ripoll, Joana
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-07-20
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 3191
- ISSN
- 2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8304509
- OpenAlex
- W3183484885
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 4.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Docusalut (Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes Balears) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Hispana (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa) ((grant number Covid19-23))
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Employment and Welfare Studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 lockdown, mental health, psychological well-being, anxiety, depression, psychotropic drug use, life satisfaction, health perception, gender differences, job insecurity, fear of infection, Balearic Islands
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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