Effect of Resistance Training on Older Adults with Sarcopenic Obesity: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Blood Biomarkers, Functionality, and Body Composition
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Background/Objectives: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a clinical condition in which there is an excess of fat mass and a loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. Its prevalence increases with age, particularly in adults over 65 years old. However, debate persists on the definition and assessment of SO. The purpose of this review is to examine the impact of resistance training on older adults with sarcopenic obesity. Methods: This review included studies investigating the effects of resistance training interventions in older adults with SO. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across six databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, Embase, EBSCO, and Web of Science), yielding 1882 articles. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the PEDro scale and the GRADE system. Results: Eleven randomized clinical trials were analyzed qualitatively and nine were analyzed quantitatively. The meta-analysis demonstrated that exercise interventions revealed the positive effects of exercise mainly on physical performance ([SMD] = 0.36, [95% CI] = 0.03, 0.69, p = 0.003) and body composition ([SMD] = 0.35, [95% CI] = 0.12, 0.57, p = 0.003), with no significant differences in biomarkers ([SMD] = 0.1, [95% CI] = −0.28, 0.49, p = 0.52). Conclusions: Resistance training benefits older adults with SO, improving body composition and physical function, whereas there were no significant differences in blood biomarkers. The present review highlights the limitations of the existing evidence base. Many included studies exhibited methodological shortcomings, necessitating the cautious interpretation of findings. Future research should prioritize rigorous study designs, including larger sample sizes and extended follow-up periods, to enhance the precision and generalizability of results.
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Resistance training and multicomponent training (MT) have been shown to be more valid strategies to improve physical function and body composition in older adults with sarcopenic obesity.
“So far, RT and multicomponent training (MT) have been shown to be more valid strategies to improve physical function and body composition in older adults with SO, as evidenced by several meta-analyses [12,13,14].”
From Efficacy of Power Training on Sarcopenic Obesity in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A 32-Week Randomized Clinical Trial (2025) · cites this paper as [14]
The Discussion (page not provided) reports that resistance training improves physical function and body composition in older adults with sarcopenic obesity. The Methods, §2.4 (page not provided), state that studies combining resistance training with other treatments were excluded. The review therefore does not establish the claimed benefit of multicomponent training. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredResistance-training-only reviews showed smaller or less consistent BMI changes.
“Resistance-training-only reviews showed smaller or less consistent BMI changes (19, 20).”
From Exercise-based interventions for sarcopenic obesity in middle-aged and older adults: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with pairwise meta-analyses and network meta-analyses (2026) · cites this paper as [20]
Methods §2.4 confirms that this review included resistance-training-only interventions, and Results §3.5.1 lists BMI among the body-composition outcomes. That results passage reports a significant reduction in body-fat percentage, but gives no BMI-specific effect or comparison establishing that BMI changes were smaller or less consistent. Page numbers are not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.79)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMany prior investigations of exercise in older adults with sarcopenic obesity present methodological limitations, such as short intervention durations (usually 12 weeks) and designs with high risk of bias.
“However, many of these investigations present methodological limitations, such as short intervention durations (usually 12 weeks) and designs with high risk of bias, underscoring the need for more rigorous studies with prolonged interventions as mentioned in the meta-analyses.”
From Efficacy of Power Training on Sarcopenic Obesity in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A 32-Week Randomized Clinical Trial (2025) · cites this paper as [14]
Resistance training significantly improves physical function and body composition in older adults with sarcopenic obesity.
“These results are consistent with and expand upon the conclusions of our recent meta-analysis, which demonstrated that RT significantly improves physical function and body composition in older adults with SO [13,14].”
From Efficacy of Power Training on Sarcopenic Obesity in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A 32-Week Randomized Clinical Trial (2025) · cites this paper as [14]
Polo-Ferrero et al. reported a null biomarker composite estimate.
“Polo-Ferrero et al. (20) reported a null biomarker composite estimate.”
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Diabetes and metabolic disorders: Early identification and monitoring strategies
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- Authors
- Polo-Ferrero, L., Navarro-López, V., Fuentes, M., Lacal, J., Cancelas-Felgueras, M. D., Santos-Blázquez, N., Méndez-Sánchez, R., & Sánchez-González, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Salamanca (ES)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa (ES)
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nursing Reports
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2025-03-04
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 89
- ISSN
- 2039-439X (ISSN-L)
- 2039-4403
- PMC
- PMC11944422
- OpenAlex
- W4408151934
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5
- FWCI
- 1.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nursing Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Gredos (University of Salamanca) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Hispana (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- sarcopenic obesity, resistance training, older adults, physical function, body composition, muscle mass, blood biomarkers, exercise intervention, sarcopenia, fat mass
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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