Fatal Breakthrough Candidemia in an Immunocompromised Patient in Kuwait Due to Candida auris Exhibiting Reduced Susceptibility to Echinocandins and Carrying a Novel Mutation in Hotspot-1 of FKS1
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Candida auris is an emerging yeast pathogen that has recently caused major outbreaks in healthcare facilities worldwide. Clinical C. auris isolates are usually resistant to fluconazole and readily develop resistance to echinocandins and amphotericin B (AMB) during treatment. We describe here an interesting case of C. auris infection in an immunocompromised patient who had previously received AMB and caspofungin treatment. Subsequently, C. auris was isolated from tracheal (tracheostomy) secretions and twice from urine and all three isolates were susceptible to AMB and micafungin. The patient received a combination therapy with AMB and caspofungin. Although the C. auris was cleared from the urine, the patient subsequently developed breakthrough candidemia and the bloodstream isolate exhibited a reduced susceptibility to micafungin and also showed the presence of a novel (S639T) mutation in hotspot-1 of FKS1. Interestingly, C. auris from the tracheal (tracheostomy) secretions recovered one and four days later exhibited a reduced susceptibility to micafungin and S639Y and S639T mutations in hotspot-1 of FKS1, respectively. Although the treatment was changed to voriconazole, the patient expired. Our case highlights a novel FKS1 mutation and the problems clinicians are facing to treat invasive C. auris infections due to inherent or developing resistance to multiple antifungal drugs and limited antifungal armamentarium.
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Almost all identified strains are resistant to at least 2 classes of antifungals (azoles and polyenes), with some strains demonstrating multi-drug resistance (azole-polyene-candin).
“Almost all identified strains are resistant to at least 2 classes of antifungals (azoles and polyenes), with some strains demonstrating multi-drug resistance (azole-polyene-candin) (29).”
From Clinical Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Antifungal, Fosmanogepix, in Patients with Candidemia Caused by Candida auris <i>:</i> Results from a Phase 2 Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [29]
Several amino acid substitutions in FKS1 have been associated with decreased echinocandin susceptibility in C. auris.
“Several amino acid substitutions in FKS1 have also been associated with decreased echinocandin susceptibility in C. auris12,37–42.”
From Molecular mechanisms governing antifungal drug resistance (2023) · cites this paper as [38]
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Bayona, J. V. M., Cancino‐Muñoz, I., Salvador-García, C., Tormo, N., Guna, R., Gónzález‐Candelas, F., & Cardona, C. G. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.03.01.582904 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gifford, H., Pradhan, A., Caswall, B. A., Murphy, S., Leaves, I., Edmondson, M. B., Chakraborty, T., Wilson, D., Taori, S. K., Gow, N. A. R., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.01.17.700071 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Warghade, A. P., Mudey, G., Meshram, S., Kombe, S., & Shaw, D. (2023) · Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology · doi:10.22207/jpam.17.3.53
Fayed, B. (2026) · Current Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00284-026-05105-8
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Gifford, H., Pradhan, A., Caswall, B. A., Murphy, S. E., Leaves, I., Edmondson, M. B., Chakraborty, T., Wilson, D., Taori, S. K., Gow, N. A. R., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-76954-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Fayed, B. E. (2026) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci14060679
- Authors
- Al-Obaid, I., Asadzadeh, M., Ahmad, S., Alobaid, K., Alfouzan, W., Bafna, R., Emara, M., & Joseph, L.
- Affiliations
- Department of Microbiology, Al-Sabah Hospital, Shuwaikh 70031, Kuwait
- Kuwait University (KW)
- Mubarak Al Kabeer Hospital (KW)
- Al-Sabah Hospital (KW)
- Corresponding author
- Ahmad, Suhail
- Venue
- Journal of Fungi
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-03-06
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 267
- ISSN
- 2309-608X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8953900
- OpenAlex
- W4221094564
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 3.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Fungi (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
- Keywords
- Candida auris, echinocandin resistance, micafungin, amphotericin B, caspofungin, voriconazole, immunocompromised patients, tracheostomy, antifungal resistance, invasive candidiasis
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