Effectiveness of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in young people: preliminary findings from systematic review and Meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Various forms of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-i) have been developed to improve its scalability and accessibility for insomnia management in young people, but the efficacy of digitally-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (dCBT-i) remains uncertain. This study systematically reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of dCBT-i among young individuals with insomnia. We conducted comprehensive searches using four electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Embase; until October 2021) and examined eligible records. The search strategy comprised the following three main concepts: (1) participants were adolescents or active college students; (2) dCBT-I was employed; (3) standardized tools were used for outcome measurement. Four randomized controlled trials qualified for meta-analysis. A significant improvement in self-reported sleep quality with a medium-to-large effect size after treatment (Hedges’s g = −0.58~−0.80) was noted. However, a limited effect was detected regarding objective sleep quality improvement (total sleep time and sleep efficiency measured using actigraphy). These preliminary findings from the meta-analysis suggest that dCBT-i is a moderately effective treatment in managing insomnia in younger age groups, and CBT-i delivered through the web or a mobile application is an acceptable approach for promoting sleep health in young people.
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Previous studies on eCBTi efficacy indicate a medium effect (partial eta-squared = 0.08).
“Based on previous studies on the efficacy of eCBTi (86–92), we expect a partial eta-squared of 0.08 (medium effect); alpha: 0.05; Power: 0.95; number of groups: 2; number of measurements: 3; total sample size: 32, that is, 16 per condition.”
From Sleep disturbances and psychological well-being among military medical doctors of the Swiss Armed Forces: study protocol, rationale and development of a cross-sectional and longitudinal interventional study (2024) · cites this paper as [89]
The Discussion reports a medium post-treatment effect of digital CBT-I on subjective sleep quality in young people (Hedges’s g = −0.58). The Methods say the paper calculated effects using Hedges’s g, not partial eta-squared; our copy does not report a partial eta-squared of 0.08, so the specific value used for sample-size planning is not supported by this source. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Tsai, H.-J., Yang, A. C., Zhu, J.-D., Hsu, Y.-Y., Hsu, T.-F., & Tsai, S.-J.
- Affiliations
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (TW)
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Tsai, Shih-Jen
- Venue
- Journal of Personalized Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-03-16
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 481
- ISSN
- 2075-4426 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8949345
- OpenAlex
- W4220970502
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 1.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Personalized Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST-110-2634-F-075 -001; MOST-109-2628-B-010 -011; MOST-110-2634-F-A49-005)
- Ministry of Education, Taiwan (Mt. Jade Young Scholarship Award; Aim for the Top University Plan)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, digital CBT-I, insomnia, youth, adolescents, university students, sleep quality, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, actigraphy, mobile application, online intervention, sleep health
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