Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 68

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Anemia in Sports: A Narrative Review

Damian, Marc-Tudor, Vulturar, Romana, Login, Cristian Cezar, Damian, Laura, Chis, Adina, Bojan, Anca·2021·Life
DOI 10.3390/life11090987
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Recent years have brought about new understandings regarding the pathogenesis of anemia in sports. From hemodilution and redistribution considered to contribute to the so-called “sports anemia” to iron deficiency caused by increased demands, dietary restrictions, decreased absorption, increased losses, hemolysis, and sequestration, to genetic determinants of different types of anemia (some related to sport), the anemia in athletes deserves a careful and multifactorial approach. Dietary factors that reduce iron absorption (e.g., phytate, polyphenols) and that augment iron’s bioavailability (e.g., ascorbic acid) should be considered. Celiac disease, more prevalent in female athletes, may underlie an unexplained iron deficiency anemia. Iron loss during exercise occurs in several ways: sweating, hematuria, gastrointestinal bleeding, inflammation, and intravascular and extravascular hemolysis. From a practical point of view, assessing iron status, especially in the athletes at risk for iron deficiency (females, adolescents, in sports with dietary restrictions, etc.), may improve the iron balance and possibly the performance. Hemoglobin and serum ferritin are measures that are easily employable for the evaluation of patients’ iron status. Cutoff values should probably be further assessed with respect to the sex, age, and type of sport. A healthy gut microbiome influences the iron status. Athletes at risk of iron deficiency should perform non-weight-bearing, low-intensity sports to avoid inducing hemolysis.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/life11090987

Cites

14 of 14 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 71

  1. Volpi, P. (2006). Biochemical and Haematological Parameters in Football Players. Football Traumatology, Springer International Publishing. [2nd ed.]. · DOI
  2. Eichner, 1992, Sports anemia, iron supplements, and blood doping, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 9, S315
  3. Silva, 2008, Hematological parameters and anaerobic threshold in Brazilian soccer players throughout a training program, Int. J. Lab. Hematol., 30, 158, 10.1111/j.1751-553X.2007.00919.x · DOI
  4. Schumacher, 2002, Hematological indices and iron status in athletes of various sports and performances, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 34, 869, 10.1097/00005768-200205000-00022 · DOI
  5. Weight, 1992, “Sports anemia”—A real or apparent phenomenon in endurance-trained athletes?, Int. J. Sports Med., 13, 344, 10.1055/s-2007-1021278 · DOI
  6. Bielik, V., and Kolisek, M. (2021). Bioaccessibility and bioavailability of minerals in relation to a healthy gut microbiome. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22. · DOI
  7. Varamenti, 2018, Training-Induced Variations in Haematological and Biochemical Variables in Adolescent Athletes of Arab Origin Throughout an Entire Athletic Season, J. Hum. Kinet, 64, 123, 10.1515/hukin-2017-0187 · DOI
  8. Jerkan, 2009, Hematological profile of Serbian Youth National Soccer Teams, J. Hum. Kinet, 22, 51, 10.2478/v10078-009-0023-4 · DOI
  9. Koc, 2012, The effect of acute exercises on blood hematological parameters in handball players, Afr. J. Microbiol Res., 6, 2027
  10. Buyukyazi, 2000, Acute and chronic effects of continuous and extensive interval running exercises on some haematalogical parameters, Turk. J. Sports Med., 35, 103
  11. Bussollaro, 2018, Hematological parameters and body composition of soccer players, Rev. Bras. Med. Esporte, 24, 202, 10.1590/1517-869220182403171040 · DOI
  12. Liao, 2020, Repetitive Bouts of Exhaustive Exercise Induces a Systemic Inflammatory Response and Multi-Organ Damage in Rats, Front. Physiol, 11, 1, 10.3389/fphys.2020.00685 · DOI
  13. Alves, 2016, Physical activity in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Overview updated, World J. Cardiol., 8, 575, 10.4330/wjc.v8.i10.575 · DOI
  14. Semenova, 2020, The association of HFE gene H63D polymorphism with endurance athlete status and aerobic capacity: Novel findings and a meta-analysis, Graefe’s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol., 120, 665
  15. Larsuphrom, P., and Latunde-Dada, G.O. (2021). Association of serum hepcidin levels with aerobic and resistance exercise: A systematic review. Nutrients, 13. · DOI
  16. Hinton, 2014, Iron and the endurance athlete, Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab., 39, 1012, 10.1139/apnm-2014-0147 · DOI · Paper page
  17. Kong, 2014, Hepcidin and sports anemia, Cell Biosci., 4, 1, 10.1186/2045-3701-4-19 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Kawamori, 2004, The optimal training load for the development of muscular power, J. Strength Cond. Res., 18, 675
  19. Saudubray, J.M., and Baumgartner, M.R. (2016). Disorders in the Transport of Copper, Iron, Magnesium. Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Springer. [6th ed.]. · DOI
  20. Kowdley, 2020, ACG Clinical Guideline: Hereditary Hemochromatosis, Clin. Liver Dis., 16, 177, 10.1002/cld.987 · DOI
  21. Brown, G.M., Koslow, S.H., and Reichlin, S. (1984). Overview of endocrinology of stress. Neuroendocrinology and Psychiatric Disorder, Raven Press.
  22. Jończy, A., Mazgaj, R., Starzyński, R.R., Poznański, P., Szudzik, M., Smuda, E., Kamyczek, M., and Lipiński, P. (2021). Relationship between down-regulation of copper-related genes and decreased ferroportin protein level in the duodenum of iron-deficient piglets. Nutrients, 13. · DOI
  23. Yang, 2020, The cardinal roles of ferroportin and its partners in controlling cellular iron in and out, Life Sci., 258, 118135, 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118135 · DOI
  24. Hoppe, 2008, The importance of bioavailability of dietary iron in relation to the expected effect from iron fortification, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 62, 761, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602776 · DOI
  25. Gibson, 2014, Is iron and zinc nutrition a concern for vegetarian infants and young children in industrialized countries?, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 100, 459S, 10.3945/ajcn.113.071241 · DOI
  26. Sierra, 2019, Association between hematological parameters and iron metabolism response after marathon race and ACTN3 genotype, Front. Physiol., 10, 697, 10.3389/fphys.2019.00697 · DOI
  27. Ottomano, 2012, Sports anaemia: Facts or fiction?, Blood Transfus., 10, 252
  28. Waller, 1996, The effects of heat and exercise on sweat iron loss, Med. Sci. Sport Exerc., 28, 197, 10.1097/00005768-199602000-00007 · DOI
  29. Urakami, 2019, Macroscopic hematuria caused by running-induced traumatic bladder mucosal contusions, IJU Case Rep., 2, 27, 10.1002/iju5.12030 · DOI
  30. Shephard, 2016, Exercise proteinuria and hematuria: Current knowledge and future directions, J. Sport Med. Phys. Fit., 56, 1060
  31. Rojas-Valverde, D., Olcina, G., Sánchez-Ureña, B., Pino-Ortega, J., Martínez-Guardado, I., and Timón, R. (2020). Proteinuria and bilirubinuria as potential risk indicators of acute kidney injury during running in outpatient settings. Medicina, 56. · DOI
  32. Packer, 2010, Does physical activity affect quality of life, disease symptoms and immune measures in patients with inflammatory bowel disease? A systematic review, J. Sport Med. Phys. Fit., 50, 1
  33. Eckert, 2019, Structured physical activity interventions as a complementary therapy for patients with inflammatory bowel disease—A scoping review and practical implications, BMC Gastroenterol., 19, 1, 10.1186/s12876-019-1034-9 · DOI
  34. Costa, 2017, Systematic review: Exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome—implications for health and intestinal disease, Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 46, 246, 10.1111/apt.14157 · DOI · Paper page
  35. Lis, 2016, Case Study: Utilizing a Low FODMAP Diet to Combat Exercise-Induced Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab., 26, 481, 10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0293 · DOI
  36. Castanier, C., Bougault, V., Teulier, C., Jaffré, C., Schiano-Lomoriello, S., Vibarel-Rebot, N., Villemain, A., Rieth, N., Le-Scanff, C., and Buisson, C. (2021). The Specificities of Elite Female Athletes: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Life, 11. · DOI
  37. Diduch, 2017, Gastrointestinal Conditions in the Female Athlete, Clin. Sports Med., 36, 655, 10.1016/j.csm.2017.06.001 · DOI
  38. Malfait, 2018, Vascular phenotypes in nonvascular subtypes of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: A systematic review, Genet. Med., 20, 562, 10.1038/gim.2017.138 · DOI
  39. Casey, 2014, Non-operative management of diverticular perforation in a patient with suspected Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Int. J. Surg. Case Rep., 5, 135, 10.1016/j.ijscr.2013.12.024 · DOI
  40. Sim, 2013, Effect of exercise modality and intensity on post-exercise interleukin-6 and hepcidin levels, Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab., 23, 178, 10.1123/ijsnem.23.2.178 · DOI
  41. Dahlquist, 2017, Effects of macro- and micronutrients on exercise-induced hepcidin response in highly trained endurance athletes, Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. Eff., 42, 1036, 10.1139/apnm-2017-0207 · DOI
  42. Bruinvels, 2016, The prevalence and impact of heavy menstrual bleeding (Menorrhagia) in elite and non-elite athletes, PLoS ONE, 11, 1, 10.1371/journal.pone.0149881 · DOI
  43. Carmichael, M.A., Thomson, R.L., Moran, L.J., and Wycherley, T.P. (2021). The impact of menstrual cycle phase on athletes’ performance: A narrative review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18. · DOI · Paper page
  44. Larsen, 2020, Practice does not make perfect: A brief view of athletes’ knowledge on the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptives, J. Sci. Med. Sport, 23, 690, 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.02.003 · DOI
  45. Quinn, 2021, Temporal changes in blood oxidative stress biomarkers across the menstrual cycle and with oral contraceptive use in active women, Graefe’s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol., 121, 2607
  46. Oxfeldt, 2020, Hormonal Contraceptive Use, Menstrual Dysfunctions, and Self-Reported Side Effects in Elite Athletes in Denmark, Int. J. Sport Physiol. Perform., 15, 1377, 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0636 · DOI
  47. Lippi, 2019, Epidemiological, biological and clinical update on exercise-induced hemolysis, Ann. Transl. Med., 7, 270, 10.21037/atm.2019.05.41 · DOI · Paper page
  48. Telford, 2003, Footstrike is the major cause of hemolysis during running, J. Appl. Physiol., 94, 38, 10.1152/japplphysiol.00631.2001 · DOI · Paper page
  49. Lippi, 2012, Foot-strike haemolysis after a 60-km ultramarathon, Blood Transfus., 10, 377
  50. Yamada, 1987, Comparison of effects of vegetable protein diet and animal protein diet on the initiation of anemia during vigorous physical training (sports anemia) in dogs and rats, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 33, 129, 10.3177/jnsv.33.129 · DOI
  51. Hoffman, 2013, Urine dipstick analysis for identification of runners susceptible to acute kidney injury following an ultramarathon, J. Sports Sci., 31, 20, 10.1080/02640414.2012.720705 · DOI
  52. Lee, 2016, How does α-actinin-3 deficiency alter muscle function? Mechanistic insights into ACTN3, the “gene for speed”, Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Res., 1863, 686, 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.01.013 · DOI
  53. Friedlander, S.M., Herrmann, A.L., Lowry, D., Mepham, E.R., Lek, M., North, K.N., and Organ, C.L. (2013). ACTN3 Allele Frequency in Humans Covaries with Global Latitudinal Gradient. PLoS ONE, 8. · DOI
  54. Hollerer, 2017, Pathophysiological consequences and benefits of HFE mutations: 20 years of research, Haematologica, 102, 809, 10.3324/haematol.2016.160432 · DOI
  55. Ishiguroa, 2014, Distinct mechanisms of cell-kill by triapine and its terminally dimethylated derivative Dp44mT due to a loss or gain of activity of their copper(II) complexes, Biochem. Pharmacol., 91, 312, 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.006 · DOI
  56. Dara, 2020, Severe drug-induced immune hemolysis due to ceftriaxone, Asian J. Transfus. Sci., 14, 187, 10.4103/ajts.AJTS_67_17 · DOI
  57. Betensky, 2014, Immune hemolytic anemia with drug-induced antibodies to carboplatin and vincristine in a pediatric patient with an optic pathway glioma, Transfusion, 54, 2901, 10.1111/trf.12729 · DOI
  58. Salama, 2009, Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia, Expert Opin. Drug Saf., 8, 73, 10.1517/14740330802577351 · DOI
  59. Kim, 2017, Diagnostic approaches for inherited hemolytic anemia in the genetic era, Blood Res., 52, 84, 10.5045/br.2017.52.2.84 · DOI
  60. Sankaran, 2015, Anemia: Progress in molecular mechanisms and therapy, Nat. Med., 21, 221, 10.1038/nm.3814 · DOI · Paper page
  61. Stellingwerff, 2019, Nutrition and Altitude: Strategies to Enhance Adaptation, Improve Performance and Maintain Health: A Narrative Review, Sport Med., 49, 169, 10.1007/s40279-019-01159-w · DOI
  62. Gore, 2007, Nonhematological mechanisms of improved sea-level performance after hypoxic exposure, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 39, 1600, 10.1249/mss.0b013e3180de49d3 · DOI
  63. Hall, 2019, Single versus Split Dose of Iron Optimizes Hemoglobin Mass Gains at 2106 m Altitude, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 51, 751, 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001847 · DOI · Paper page
  64. Saunders, 2019, Special environments: Altitude and heat, Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab., 29, 210, 10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0256 · DOI
  65. Barrett, K.E., Barman, S.M., and Brooks, H.L. (2019). Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, McGraw Hill Education.
  66. Cadegiani, 2017, Hormonal aspects of overtraining syndrome: A systematic review, BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabil., 9, 1, 10.1186/s13102-017-0079-8 · DOI · Paper page
  67. Borkowska, A., Tomczyk, M., Żychowska, M., Pilis, W., Zych, M., and Antosiewicz, J. (2021). Effect of 8-day fasting on leukocytes expression of genes and proteins involved in iron metabolism in healthy men. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22. · DOI
  68. Maughan, 2008, Effect of Ramadan fasting on some biochemical and haematological parameters in Tunisian youth soccer players undertaking their usual training and competition schedule, J. Sports Sci., 26, 37, 10.1080/02640410802491368 · DOI
  69. Nisenbaum, 2014, The Presence and Role of Iron in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Imaging Perspective, J. Neurotrauma, 31, 301, 10.1089/neu.2013.3102 · DOI
  70. Cialdella-Kam, L., Kulpins, D., and Manore, M.M. (2016). Vegetarian, Gluten-Free, and Energy Restricted Diets in Female Athletes. Sports, 4. · DOI
  71. Mountjoy, 2018, IOC consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S): 2018 update, Br. J. Sports Med., 52, 687, 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099193 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

See all 68

Metadata

Authors
Damian, M.-T., Vulturar, R., Login, C. C., Damian, L., Chis, A., & Bojan, A.
Venue
Life
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-09-20
Volume
11
Issue
9
Pages
987
ISSN
2075-1729
DOI
10.3390/life11090987
Cited by
68
References
14
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.