Athletic induced iron deficiency: new insights into the role of inflammation, cytokines and hormones

Peeling, Peter; Dawson, Brian; Goodman, Carmel; Landers, Grant; Trinder, Debbie

doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0726-6

Cited by 292Iron Metabolism and DisordersExercise and Physiological ResponsesErythropoietin and Anemia Treatment

Athletic induced iron deficiency: new insights into the role of inflammation, cytokines and hormones

Peeling, Peter, Dawson, Brian, Goodman, Carmel, Landers, Grant, Trinder, Debbie·2008·European Journal of Applied Physiology

DOI 10.1007/s00421-008-0726-6

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Abstract

Iron is utilised by the body for oxygen transport and energy production, and is therefore essential to athletic performance. Commonly, athletes are diagnosed as iron deficient, however, contrasting evidence exists as to the severity of deficiency and the effect on performance. Iron losses can result from a host of mechanisms during exercise such as hemolysis, hematuria, sweating and gastrointestinal bleeding. Additionally, recent research investigating the anemia of inflammation during states of chronic disease has allowed us to draw some comparisons between unhealthy populations and athletes. The acute-phase response is a well-recognised reaction to both exercise and disease. Elevated cytokine levels from such a response have been shown to increase the liver production of the hormone Hepcidin. Hepcidin up-regulation has a negative impact on the iron transport and absorption channels within the body, and may explain a potential new mechanism behind iron deficiency in athletes. This review will attempt to explore the current literature that exits in this new area of iron metabolism and exercise.

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Iron deficiency in athletes is caused by a combination of inadequate dietary iron intake from vegetarian or low energy diets, menstrual blood loss, or exercise-induced iron loss via sweating, hemolysis, and gastrointestinal bleeding.
“Iron deficiency in athletes is caused by a combination of inadequate dietary iron intake from vegetarian or low energy diets, menstrual blood loss, or exercise-induced iron loss via sweating, hemolysis, and gastrointestinal bleeding [240,251].”
From Nutritional Considerations for the Vegan Athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [251]

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Background
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THE PATHOGENESIS OF HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS
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Blunted increase in serum hepcidin as response to oral iron in HFE-hemochromatosis
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Authors: Peeling, P., Dawson, B., Goodman, C., Landers, G., & Trinder, D.
Affiliations: The University of Western Australia (AU)
Corresponding author: Peeling, Peter
ORCID: Peeling, Peter
Landers, Grant
Venue: European Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2008-03-26
Volume: 103
Issue: 4
Pages: 381-391
ISSN: 0020-9376 (ISSN-L)
1439-6319
1439-6327
DOI: 10.1007/s00421-008-0726-6
OpenAlex: W1997930812
Cited by: 292
References: 86
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 1.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: European Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Erythropoietin and Anemia Treatment
Keywords: iron metabolism, inflammation, cytokines, hepcidin, acute phase response, physical activity, anemia of chronic disease, iron absorption, iron transport, athletes
MeSH terms: Animals, Hormones, Humans, Inflammation, Sports, Sports Medicine, Cytokines, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency

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Athletic induced iron deficiency: new insights into the role of inflammation, cytokines and hormones

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