Cited by 102Nitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsCardiovascular Health and Disease PreventionGenetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms

An Overview of NO Signaling Pathways in Aging

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Pourbagher-Shahri, Ali Mohammad, Farkhondeh, Tahereh, Talebi, Marjan, Kopustinskiene, Dalia M., Samarghandian, Saeed, Bernatoniene, Jurga·2021·Molecules

Abstract

Nitric Oxide (NO) is a potent signaling molecule involved in the regulation of various cellular mechanisms and pathways under normal and pathological conditions. NO production, its effects, and its efficacy, are extremely sensitive to aging-related changes in the cells. Herein, we review the mechanisms of NO signaling in the cardiovascular system, central nervous system (CNS), reproduction system, as well as its effects on skin, kidneys, thyroid, muscles, and on the immune system during aging. The aging-related decline in NO levels and bioavailability is also discussed in this review. The decreased NO production by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was revealed in the aged cardiovascular system. In the CNS, the decline of the neuronal (n)NOS production of NO was related to the impairment of memory, sleep, and cognition. NO played an important role in the aging of oocytes and aged-induced erectile dysfunction. Aging downregulated NO signaling pathways in endothelial cells resulting in skin, kidney, thyroid, and muscle disorders. Putative therapeutic agents (natural/synthetic) affecting NO signaling mechanisms in the aging process are discussed in the present study. In summary, all of the studies reviewed demonstrate that NO plays a crucial role in the cellular aging processes.

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  • The nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway becomes more important under hypoxic or acidic conditions.

    “Consequently, the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway becomes more important, particularly under hypoxic or acidic conditions [233,234].”

    From Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations (2026) · cites this paper as [233]

    The Introduction (page unavailable) describes nitrate-to-nitrite-to-NO production when oxygen levels are low, supporting its importance under hypoxic conditions. The passages retrieved for acidic conditions do not link acidity to this pathway, so that part of the claim is not supported by our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  1. [130]Uttenthal L.O. Alonso D. Fernández A.P. Campbell R.O. Moro M.A. Leza J.C. Lizasoain I. Esteban F.J. Barroso J.B. Valderrama R. Neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivities in the cerebral cortex of the aging rat Microsc. Res. Tech. 1998 43 75 88 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19981001)43:1<75::AID-JEMT11>3.0.CO;2-0 9829462 · DOI
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Authors
Pourbagher-Shahri, A. M., Farkhondeh, T., Talebi, M., Kopustinskiene, D. M., Samarghandian, S., & Bernatoniene, J.
Affiliations
  • Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
  • Birjand University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • Shahid Beheshti University (IR)
  • Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
  • Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences (IR)
Corresponding author
Samarghandian, Saeed
Venue
Molecules
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-07-27
Volume
26
Issue
15
Pages
4533
ISSN
1420-3049 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3185759716
Cited by
101
References
307
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 3
FWCI
1.90
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Molecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
Keywords
nitric oxide signaling, aging, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, cardiovascular aging, central nervous system aging, reproductive aging, erectile dysfunction, skin aging, kidney aging, muscle aging, immunosenescence, memory and cognition, therapeutic agents
MeSH terms
Aging, Animals, Cardiovascular System, Central Nervous System, Female, Genitalia, Humans, Male, Nitric Oxide, Signal Transduction, Down-Regulation, Cellular Senescence, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III

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