Heterogeneity of CNS myeloid cells and their roles in neurodegeneration
Abstract
The diseased brain hosts a heterogeneous population of myeloid cells, including parenchymal microglia, perivascular cells, meningeal macrophages and blood-borne monocytes. To date, the different types of brain myeloid cells have been discriminated solely on the basis of their localization, morphology and surface epitope expression. However, recent data suggest that resident microglia may be functionally distinct from bone marrow- or blood-derived phagocytes, which invade the CNS under pathological conditions. During the last few years, research on brain myeloid cells has been markedly changed by the advent of new tools in imaging, genetics and immunology. These methodologies have yielded unexpected results, which challenge the traditional view of brain macrophages. On the basis of these new studies, we differentiate brain myeloid subtypes with regard to their origin, function and fate in the brain and illustrate the divergent features of these cells during neurodegeneration.
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Several cytokines released by microglia are elevated in neurological disease and help recruit peripheral immune cells into the CNS in pathological states.
“Many of these cytokines are known to be highly elevated in neurological diseases and/or involved in the recruitment of peripheral immune cells into the CNS under pathological conditions”
From iPSC-derived human microglia-like cells to study neurological diseases (2017) · cites this paper as Prinz et al., 2011
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“…Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1 Correspondence should be addressed to V. Wee Yong; vyong@ucalgary.ca Received 26 March 2013; Accepted 16 May 2013 Academic Editor: Wolfgang J. Streit Copyright © 2013 K. S. Rawji and V. W. Yong.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe immunology of neurodegeneration
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- Authors
- Prinz, M., Priller, J., Sisodia, S. S., & Ransohoff, R. M.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Freiburg (DE)
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Prinz, Marco
- Ransohoff, Richard M
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2011-09-27
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1227-1235
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- OpenAlex
- W2071753918
- Cited by
- 674
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 4.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- microglia, meningeal macrophages, perivascular macrophages, neurodegeneration, myeloid cell heterogeneity, phagocytes, brain macrophages
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Diseases, Cell Differentiation, Central Nervous System, Humans, Models, Biological, Nerve Degeneration, Signal Transduction, Microglia, Myeloid Cells
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