Beyond Maslow’s Pyramid: Introducing a Typology of Thirteen Fundamental Needs for Human-Centered Design

“We used a semi-systematic (narrative) review approach with a form of thematic analysis, following the six-phase approach of Braun and Clarke [59] (pp. 86–93).”

“Fundamental Needs Deci & Rian [16,40,52,53] Sheldon, Elliot, Kim, & Kasser [5] Ryff & Keyes [39,55] Ford & Nichols [21,54] Schwartz [18,56] Rokeach [20,57] Autonomy Autonomy Autonomy Autonomy Individuality; Self-determination; Creativity Self-direction; Independence Freedom Beauty A world of beauty Beauty Comfort Tran…”

““Human needs specify innate psychological nutriments that are essential for ongoing psychological growth, integrity, and well-being” [3] (p.”

“For our review, we adopted the appro ch of Baumeister and Leary, who provided the most rigorou operationalization and the most detailed set of criteria [51].”

“The motivational theory crystallized as the Hierarchy of Needs [25,31,32], one of the most influential motivational theories in the history of psychology [33].”

“The influential social model of well-being of Keyes [46] proposes that an individual’s well-being is partly determined by their appraisal of how they function in society, with five dimensions of social well-being: Social integration (being part of society), social contribution (contributing to society), social coheren…”

“The influential social model of well-being of Keyes [46] proposes that an individual’s well-being is partly determined by their appraisal of how they function in society, with five dimensions of social well-being: Social integration (being part of society), social contribution (contributing to society), social coheren…”

“Fundamental Needs Deci & Rian [16,40,52,53] Sheldon, Elliot, Kim, & Kasser [5] Ryff & Keyes [39,55] Ford & Nichols [21,54] Schwartz [18,56] Rokeach [20,57] Autonomy Autonomy Autonomy Autonomy Individuality; Self-determination; Creativity Self-direction; Independence Freedom Beauty A world of beauty Beauty Comfort Tran…”

“Fundamental Needs Deci & Rian [16,40,52,53] Sheldon, Elliot, Kim, & Kasser [5] Ryff & Keyes [39,55] Ford & Nichols [21,54] Schwartz [18,56] Rokeach [20,57] Autonomy Autonomy Autonomy Autonomy Individuality; Self-determination; Creativity Self-direction; Independence Freedom Beauty A world of beauty Beauty Comfort Tran…”

“Moreover, the usefulness of any typology of needs depends on the purpose of its application [13].”

“Fundamental Needs Deci & Rian [16,40,52,53] Sheldon, Elliot, Kim, & Kasser [5] Ryff & Keyes [39,55] Ford & Nichols [21,54] Schwartz [18,56] Rokeach [20,57] Autonomy Autonomy Autonomy Autonomy Individuality; Self-determination; Creativity Self-direction; Independence Freedom Beauty A world of beauty Beauty Comfort Tran…”

“Fundamental Needs Deci & Rian [16,40,52,53] Sheldon, Elliot, Kim, & Kasser [5] Ryff & Keyes [39,55] Ford & Nichols [21,54] Schwartz [18,56] Rokeach [20,57] Autonomy Autonomy Autonomy Autonomy Individuality; Self-determination; Creativity Self-direction; Independence Freedom Beauty A world of beauty Beauty Comfort Tran…”

“In their global study, Tay and Diener found that a person’s subjective well-being is not only determined by the extent to which their individual needs are fulfilled, but also by the extent to which the needs of other people and society are fulfilled [4].”

“Several authors have stressed that this Western ideology does not apply to other societies, such as those of Africa and Asia, in which collectivism and conviviality are central, and where social needs out-prioritize self-focused needs [44,45].”

“Figure 2 visualizes the four criteria we considered most important for the specific need typology we were developing (based on [49,50]).”

“The motivational theory crystallized as the Hierarchy of Needs [25,31,32], one of the most influential motivational theories in the history of psychology [33].”

“Maslow’s motivational theory has been criticized for its lack of empirical support and the inadequate operationalization of its concepts ([37] for a discussion, see [38]).”

“Abraham Maslow (1908–1970) is recognized as one of the most eminent psychologists of the 20th century [28].”

“Hassenzahl and colleagues found a positive relationship between need fulfilment and enjoyable experiences with technological artifacts [6], see also [7,8].”

“Hassenzahl and colleagues found a positive relationship between need fulfilment and enjoyable experiences with technological artifacts [6], see also [7,8].”

“, being able to contribute to society and the social good) [46,47].”

“Höök & Löwgren [74] and Löwgren [75] proposed that there is a space between formal theory on the one hand, and a design prototype on the other hand.”

“Need satisfaction has been shown to predict well-being outcomes both in general, with people who report greater overall need satisfaction also reporting greater well-being, and on a day to day basis, with daily fluctuations in need fulfilment predicting daily fluctuations in well-being (for a review, see [41]).”

“This idea aligns with the observation that social design thinking is often based on the premise that design should address fundamental needs [82].”

“In design practice, need profiles can support a systematic approach to design for positive experiences and subjective well-being [6,11,12].”

“He dedicated decades of study to this positive behaviour, and his scientific legacy has been the foundation for the current positive psychology movement [30].”

“Sirgy and Wu [83], for example, proposed that the ‘balanced life’ is, all things being equal, a more desirable one.”

“Höök & Löwgren [74] and Löwgren [75] proposed that there is a space between formal theory on the one hand, and a design prototype on the other hand.”

“Other examples include 56 [23], or 135 [24].”

“In a recent paper, Bridgman, Cummings, and Ballard [34] traced the origins of the triangle visualisation to a manuscript of the consulting psychologist Charles McDermid [35].”

“Similarly concise typologies list five needs [17] (based on [5]), ten [5,18], fifteen [19], eighteen [20], or twenty-three [21].”

“Need fulfilment is therefore a major source of positive user experiences with technology, and these experiences can be categorized on the basis of the primary psychological needs they fulfil [6,17,60].”

“Fundamental Needs Deci & Rian [16,40,52,53] Sheldon, Elliot, Kim, & Kasser [5] Ryff & Keyes [39,55] Ford & Nichols [21,54] Schwartz [18,56] Rokeach [20,57] Autonomy Autonomy Autonomy Autonomy Individuality; Self-determination; Creativity Self-direction; Independence Freedom Beauty A world of beauty Beauty Comfort Tran…”

“Life-span theories of motivation propose that the salience of specific needs change as one moves through life (for a review, see [76]).”

“Other examples include 56 [23], or 135 [24].”

“The most extensive typology, to our knowledge, is the overview of 161 needs completed by Talevich and colleagues [22].”

“that they harm the need for autonomy [65].”

“Maslow’s motivational theory has been criticized for its lack of empirical support and the inadequate operationalization of its concepts ([37] for a discussion, see [38]).”

“Therefore, it is incorrect to assume that higher-order needs remain dormant until lower-order needs have been satisfied [37,42,43].”

“Figure 2 visualizes the four criteria we considered most important for the specific need typology we were developing (based on [49,50]).”

“Moreover, because they address the content of these experiences, psychological needs can be used as a basis for categorizing and distinguishing positive user experiences [62].”

“With increasing age comes an appreciation of the fragility of life, and a person’s wellbeing is influenced by their ability to be effective in adapting their goals to their lifespan development [80].”

“In a recent paper, Bridgman, Cummings, and Ballard [34] traced the origins of the triangle visualisation to a manuscript of the consulting psychologist Charles McDermid [35].”

“Moreover, even though it is attractive at first sight, the concept of self-actualization has been shown to be too vague in and of itself to function as a guiding factor in understanding human motivation [48].”

“Such a “product-specific needs profile” (Desmet and Fokkinga, 2020, p. 11) could potentially serve as a useful guideline for designing a positive user experience (which in turn impacts intention to use).”