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Cited by 65Circular RNAs in diseasesRNA Research and SplicingRNA regulation and disease

Functions of Circular RNA in Human Diseases and Illnesses

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Gu, Alison, Jaijyan, Dabbu Kumar, Yang, Shaomin, Zeng, Mulan, Pei, Shaokai, Zhu, Hua·2023·Non-Coding RNA
DOI 10.3390/ncrna9040038PMC PMC10366867
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Abstract

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent single-stranded RNA species that contain covalently closed 3′ and 5′ ends that provide them more stability than linear RNA, which has free ends. Emerging evidence indicates that circRNAs perform essential functions in many DNA viruses, including coronaviruses, Epstein–Barr viruses, cytomegalovirus, and Kaposi sarcoma viruses. Recent studies have confirmed that circRNAs are present in viruses, including DNA and RNA viruses, and play various important functions such as evading host immune response, disease pathogenesis, protein translation, miRNA sponges, regulating cell proliferation, and virus replication. Studies have confirmed that circRNAs can be biological signatures or pathological markers for autoimmune diseases, neurological diseases, and cancers. However, our understanding of circRNAs in DNA and RNA viruses is still limited, and functional evaluation of viral and host circRNAs is essential to completely understand their biological functions. In the present review, we describe the metabolism and cellular roles of circRNA, including its roles in various diseases and viral and cellular circRNA functions. Circular RNAs are found to interact with RNA, proteins, and DNA, and thus can modulate cellular processes, including translation, transcription, splicing, and other functions. Circular RNAs interfere with various signaling pathways and take part in vital functions in various biological, physiological, cellular, and pathophysiological processes. We also summarize recent evidence demonstrating cellular and viral circRNA’s roles in DNA and RNA viruses in this growing field of research.

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  • circRNAs are associated with immune responses and dysregulation in virus-infected cells and tumorigenesis, as well as in the behavior and accumulation of neural cells and tissues through aging.

    “They have been associated with immune responses and dysregulation in virus-infected cells and tumorigenesis, as well as in the behavior and accumulation of neural cells and tissues through aging.”

    From Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications (2024) · cites this paper as [74]

    Sections 3.4 and 4.1–4.3 link circRNAs to immune responses, viral infection and altered expression in infected cells; the Introduction links them to tumorigenesis. Section 3.7 describes circRNA enrichment in brain structures and a role in neural function, but the passages do not establish that circRNAs accumulate in neural cells or tissues through aging. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • circRNA biogenesis is described as back-splicing in the post-transcriptional stage, forming a loop and serving as a bridge between mRNA and ncRNAs, modulating RNA transcription and protein translation or function.

    “circRNA biogenesis has been described as back-splicing in the post-transcriptional stage, forming a loop and serving as a bridge between the mRNA and the ncRNAs, modulating RNA transcription and protein translation or function [74], in some cases, by sponging miRNAs exported post-transcriptionally in trans.”

    From Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications (2024) · cites this paper as [74]

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Authors
Gu, A., Jaijyan, D. K., Yang, S., Zeng, M., Pei, S., & Zhu, H.
Affiliations
  • Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
  • Huazhong University of Science and Technology (CN)
Corresponding author
Zhu, Hua
ORCID
Venue
Non-Coding RNA
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-07-04
Volume
9
Issue
4
Pages
38
ISSN
2311-553X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ncrna9040038
PMC
PMC10366867
OpenAlex
W4383226209
Cited by
65
References
237
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 6
FWCI
1.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Non-Coding RNA (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Circular RNAs in diseases
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA regulation and disease
Keywords
circular RNA, DNA viruses, RNA viruses, coronavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, immune evasion, microRNA sponge, viral replication, disease biomarkers, autoimmune disease, neurological disorders, cancer, translational regulation

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