Circadian rhythm dysregulation and restoration: the role of melatonin
Open accessAbstract
Sleep is an essential component of overall human health but is so tightly regulated that when disrupted can cause or worsen certain ailments. An important part of this process is the presence of the well-known hormone, melatonin. This compound assists in the governing of sleep and circadian rhythms. Previous studies have postulated that dysregulation of melatonin rhythms is the driving force behind sleep and circadian disorders. A computer-aided search spanning the years of 2015-2020 using the search terms melatonin, circadian rhythm, disorder yielded 52 full text articles that were analyzed. We explored the mechanisms behind melatonin dysregulation and how it affects various disorders. Additionally, we examined associated therapeutic treatments including bright light therapy (BLT) and exogenous forms of melatonin. We found that over the past 5 years, melatonin has not been widely investigated in clinical studies thus there remains large gaps in its potential utilization as a therapy.
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Reduced melatonin secretion with ageing further exacerbates sleep disturbances and circadian dysregulation.
“For example, reduced melatonin secretion with ageing further exacerbates sleep disturbances and circadian dysregulation [24].”
From Ocular light exposure interventions for sleep, circadian rhythms, rest-activity cycles, mood, and cognitive function in older adults: An Overview of Cochrane and non-Cochrane Systematic Reviews (2025) · cites this paper as [24]
Section 3.2 (Endogenous Melatonin; page unavailable) reports diminished pineal melatonin production with ageing, but says evidence on age-related melatonin levels is conflicting. Section 3.4 (Dysfunction and Disorders; page unavailable) says impaired melatonin secretion can lead to sleep or circadian disorders. The paper does not establish that age-related reductions specifically exacerbate those disturbances. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Vasey, C., McBride, J., & Penta, K.
- Affiliations
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (US)
- COVID/Communicable Disease, Cabarrus Health Alliance, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Corresponding author
- Vasey, Clayton
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-09-30
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3480
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8538349
- OpenAlex
- W3206613541
- Cited by
- 351
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 130 · 2024: 81 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 21 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 5.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- melatonin, circadian rhythm, circadian rhythm disruption, sleep disorders, circadian disorders, bright light therapy, melatonin therapy, sleep regulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Light, Melatonin, Transcription, Genetic, Biosynthetic Pathways
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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