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Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Lane, Melissa M., Gamage, Elizabeth, Travica, Nikolaj, Dissanayaka, Thusharika, Ashtree, Deborah N., Gauci, Sarah, Lotfaliany, Mojtaba, O’Neil, Adrienne, Jacka, Felice N., Marx, Wolfgang·2022·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu14132568PMC PMC9268228
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Abstract

Since previous meta-analyses, which were limited only to depression and by a small number of studies available for inclusion at the time of publication, several additional studies have been published assessing the link between ultra-processed food consumption and depression as well as other mental disorders. We aimed to build on previously conducted reviews to synthesise and meta-analyse the contemporary evidence base and clarify the associations between the consumption of ultra-processed food and mental disorders. A total of 17 observational studies were included (n = 385,541); 15 cross-sectional and 2 prospective. Greater ultra-processed food consumption was cross-sectionally associated with increased odds of depressive and anxiety symptoms, both when these outcomes were assessed together (common mental disorder symptoms odds ratio: 1.53, 95%CI 1.43 to 1.63) as well as separately (depressive symptoms odds ratio: 1.44, 95%CI 1.14 to 1.82; and, anxiety symptoms odds ratio: 1.48, 95%CI 1.37 to 1.59). Furthermore, a meta-analysis of prospective studies demonstrated that greater ultra-processed food intake was associated with increased risk of subsequent depression (hazard ratio: 1.22, 95%CI 1.16 to 1.28). While we found evidence for associations between ultra-processed food consumption and adverse mental health, further rigorously designed prospective and experimental studies are needed to better understand causal pathways.

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Metadata

Authors
Lane, M. M., Gamage, E., Travica, N., Dissanayaka, T., Ashtree, D. N., Gauci, S., Lotfaliany, M., O’Neil, A., Jacka, F. N., & Marx, W.
Affiliations
Food & Mood Centre, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
ORCID
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-06-21
Volume
14
Issue
13
Pages
2568
ISSN
2072-6643
DOI
10.3390/nu14132568
PMC
PMC9268228
Cited by
320
References
22
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

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