Cited by 712Body Composition Measurement TechniquesElectrical and Bioimpedance TomographyNon-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring

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The theory and fundamentals of bioimpedance analysis in clinical status monitoring and diagnosis of diseases.

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Khalil, Sami, Mohktar, Mas, Ibrahim, Fatimah·2014·Sensors

DOI 10.3390/s140610895PMC PMC4118362

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Abstract

Bioimpedance analysis is a noninvasive, low cost and a commonly used approach for body composition measurements and assessment of clinical condition. There are a variety of methods applied for interpretation of measured bioimpedance data and a wide range of utilizations of bioimpedance in body composition estimation and evaluation of clinical status. This paper reviews the main concepts of bioimpedance measurement techniques including the frequency based, the allocation based, bioimpedance vector analysis and the real time bioimpedance analysis systems. Commonly used prediction equations for body composition assessment and influence of anthropometric measurements, gender, ethnic groups, postures, measurements protocols and electrode artifacts in estimated values are also discussed. In addition, this paper also contributes to the deliberations of bioimpedance analysis assessment of abnormal loss in lean body mass and unbalanced shift in body fluids and to the summary of diagnostic usage in different kinds of conditions such as cardiac, pulmonary, renal, and neural and infection diseases.

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Authors: Khalil, S., Mohktar, M., & Ibrahim, F.
Affiliations: University of Malaya (MY)
Corresponding author: Ibrahim, Fatimah
ORCID: Khalil, Sami
Mohktar, Mas
Ibrahim, Fatimah
Venue: Sensors
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2014-06-19
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Pages: 10895-10928
ISSN: 1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/s140610895
PMC: PMC4118362
OpenAlex: W2082211146
Cited by: 712
References: 149
Citations by year: 2026: 64 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 91 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1
FWCI: 1.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (vor)
Locations: Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
Keywords: bioelectrical impedance analysis, body composition, bioimpedance vector analysis, prediction equations, anthropometry, lean mass loss, fluid shifts, heart disease, lung disease, kidney disease, neurological disorders, infectious diseases
MeSH terms: Body Composition, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, Equipment Design, Humans, Models, Biological, Monitoring, Physiologic, Plethysmography, Impedance, Biosensing Techniques, Equipment Failure Analysis

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The theory and fundamentals of bioimpedance analysis in clinical status monitoring and diagnosis of diseases.

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