The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 26 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism
Open accessAbstract
The intense competition in the tourism sector increasingly pushes tourism destination marketers to seek more effective promotional practices, so that they remain competitive and attract more visitors. The fast expansion of the Internet and social media provides the opportunity for destination marketers to approach potential tourists in a simple and cost-effective way. While managing the official pages of destinations on social media, the basic question that arises is the configuration of the content, and how attractive this content could be for potential tourists. The purpose of this study is to investigate what elements of a destination, when displayed on social media, could be attractive factors for tourists. Through the analysis of push and pull tourism motivation factors in particular, this study focuses on the segmentation of the Greek market for those traveling abroad and the emergence of the basic elements that could attract each segment through social media. The respondents have been classified into four segments, according to the motives that more greatly influence their desire to travel. This analysis also shows the important relationships between these segments and the pull motivation factors on social media. The study concludes with findings and suggestions that can contribute to the planning of an effective social media marketing plan.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This study segments Greek travelers by push travel motivations and tests how those segments relate to pull destination content they prefer on social media. It finds most hypothesized push-pull relationships hold, with activities/sports content appealing across all four segments and novelty/adventure not predicting nature/outdoor content.
Key findings
- Four push segments emerged: knowledge/intellectual, novelty/adventure, escape/entertainment/prestige, and sports. H1 was supported: knowledge/intellectual positively predicted culture/history content (Beta = 0.6, p < 0.001), and education also had a positive relationship (Beta = 0.14, p < 0.01).
- H2 and H3 were supported: sports predicted activities/sports content (Beta = 0.35, p < 0.001), and novelty/adventure predicted activities/sports content (Beta = 0.18, p < 0.05). Activities/sports content was also positively related to knowledge/intellectual (Beta = 0.16, p < 0.001) and escape/entertainment/prestige (Beta = 0.17, p < 0.05), meaning all four segments were attracted to it.
- H4 was not supported: novelty/adventure did not significantly predict nature/outdoor content (Beta = 0.15, p > 0.05). Nature/outdoor content was positively related to knowledge/intellectual (Beta = 0.24, p < 0.001) and sports (Beta = 0.22, p < 0.001).
- H5 was supported: escape/entertainment/prestige predicted safety/luxury content (Beta = 0.59, p < 0.001). The models explained 44% of culture/history, 42% of activities/sports, 22% of nature/outdoors, and 28% of safety/luxury variability, as reported.
Methods
- Quantitative online questionnaire with 221 respondents in Greece, collected 6–26 June 2019. The sample was 58.4% female, 75.1% aged 18–30, 48.9% with higher education, and 38.9% with postgraduate education.
- Measures were based on Oh et al.: 18 push and 18 pull items rated on a 1–5 Likert scale, with pull items framed as social media content about destinations. A pilot study used 10 experts.
- Analysis used SPSS v.23; Cronbach’s alpha was greater than 0.70 for all push and pull factors. Four two-step hierarchical regressions used push motivations as independent variables, demographics (sex, age, education) as covariates, and pull factors as dependent variables.
Limitations
- Stated: the sample is concentrated in the young 18–30 age group, and the research was conducted only for the Greek market, so different populations may produce different segments or push factors.
- Stated: pull items were selected from prior studies of tangible destination elements and adapted to social media; future qualitative research could define more pull items and factors.
- Evident: the cross-sectional, self-report online survey limits causal inference, and the young, single-country sample limits generalizability beyond Greek travelers.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
0 of 26 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These models explain the relationships between tourists' push motivations to travel and the types of content they want to view on social media (i.e., pull factors).”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The topic of the content is the most significant aspect for marketing experts.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This analysis also shows the important relationships between these segments and the pull motivation factors on social media.”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The topic of the content is the most significant aspect for marketing experts.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The respondents have been classified into four segments, according to the motives that more greatly influence their desire to travel.”
- Also stated in: § 5. Results and Discussion · plain
“Thus, the respondents were classified into four main segments according to their travel motives.”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § 5. Results and Discussion · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The model for the pull variable”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Two more push variables,”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The model for the pull variable”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The findings also indicate that the push variable”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the same vein, the present study demonstrates that both market segments are being attracted by information about sports activities in social media.”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, but not surprisingly, the older a person is, the less likely they are to be influenced by social media content related to sports activities (Beta = 0.16, p < 0.001).”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The model for the pull variable”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 26
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
- It may state two separate claims as one. 14
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(4)”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(3)”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(1)”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(2)”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The two-step regression analysis with the pull variable”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✗ Asserted: fails✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The push variable”
- Also stated in: § 6. Conclusions · plain
“In a similar way, there is a positive relationship between the push motivation variable”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § 6. Conclusions · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only one of the research hypotheses was rejected, whereas some new relationships emerged.”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 6. Conclusions
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the present study, the Greek market was segmented into four different groups:”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 7. Managerial Implications
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pull variable”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✗ Asserted: fails✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“One of the most important variables explaining consumer behavior is motivation [49].”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 2.2. Social Media Content and Destination Marketing
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [49] Hudson, S. (2008). Tourism and Hospitality Marketing: A Global Perspective, Sage. source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cronbach's alpha is greater than 0.70 for all the pull factors, ensuring the internal consistency reliability of the variables, while it appears that none of these factors will be improved if any of the items are deleted.”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“According to the conclusions of this survey, market segmentation helps tourism businesses and organizations to create more successful marketing strategies and promotional actions.”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 2.3. Push and Pull Travel Motivation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Baloglu and Uysal [16] Baloglu, 1996, Market segments of Push and pull motivations: A canonical correlation approach, Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manag. source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Mariani et al. [37] show that visual content, such as photos and videos, is the type of content that generates the most comments and user engagement.”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 2.2. Social Media Content and Destination Marketing
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mariani et al. [37] Mariani, 2016, Facebook as a destination marketing tool: Evidence from Italian regional Destination Management Organizations, Tour. Manag. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A generally accepted analysis of tourism motivation is based on push and pull factors [13,14].”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 2.3. Push and Pull Travel Motivation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] Yuan, 1990, Motivational determinants of international pleasure time, J. Travel Res. source
- Not checked yetcites [14] Uysal, 1993, Motivation of pleasure travel and tourism, Enc. Hosp. Tour.
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Tourism accounts for 12.1% of GDP, and 20.8% of the total Greek economy, while it provides 846,200 jobs (21.7% of total employment) [64].”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 4.1. Research Methodology Overview
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [64] (2020, May 27). World Travel and Tourism Council, Greece 2020 Annual Research: Key Highlights. Available online: https://wttc.org/Research/Economic-Impact/moduleId/704/itemId/119/controller/Download Request/action/QuickDownload.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Tourism motivation is only one variable that explains tourist behavior; however, it is considered one of the most important factors, because it constitutes the impulse and the force behind each kind of behavior [15].”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 2.3. Push and Pull Travel Motivation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Crompton, 1979, Motivations of pleasure vacations, Ann. Tour. Res. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“There are about 8 million (74.9%) active social media users in Greece [65], whereas more than one fourth (25.8%) of Greeks use the Internet to buy tourism services [66].”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 4.1. Research Methodology Overview
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [65] (2020, May 27). Hellenic Statistical Authority, Research on the Use of Information and Communication Technologies by Households and Individuals in 2019. Available online: https://www.statistics.gr/el/infographic-information-technologies-2019. source
- Not checked yetcites [66] (2020, May 27). Hellenic Statistical Authority, Use of Electronic Commerce and Security on the Internet 2019. Available online: https://www.statistics.gr/el/infographic-ecommerce-2019.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Pull factors include tangible resources that determine the attractiveness of the destination, such as landscapes, beaches, and historical resources [16].”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 2.3. Push and Pull Travel Motivation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] Baloglu, 1996, Market segments of Push and pull motivations: A canonical correlation approach, Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manag. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“According to Baloglu and Uysal [16], even though the push variable”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] Baloglu, 1996, Market segments of Push and pull motivations: A canonical correlation approach, Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manag. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Prior studies also support this relationship [16], highlighting that tourists who want to stay fit during their vacations are attracted by destinations that offer sports activities.”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] Baloglu, 1996, Market segments of Push and pull motivations: A canonical correlation approach, Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manag. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“This may be attributed to the growing interest in exercise and sports, as well as the trend of sharing fitness data through social media [70].”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [70] Gui, X., Chen, Y., Caldeira, C., Xiao, D., and Chen, Y. (2017, January 6–11). When fitness meets social networks: Investigating fitness tracking and social practices on werun. Proceedings of the 2017 Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Denver, CO, USA. source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In their study, Oh et al. [17] found that the novelty seekers market segment has a high overlap with the sports seekers segment; they look for adventure and intense thrills during their holidays, in order to escape from their everyday life.”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [17] Oh, 1995, Product bundles and market segments based on travel motivations: A canonical correlation approach, Int. J. Hosp. Manag. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Most tourists in Greece are interested in relaxing and sunbathing on a beach under the sun, visiting archaeological sites, studying the history of the Ancient Greek civilization, meeting local communities, and eating traditional food [73].”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [73] Yfantidou, 2008, Tourist roles, gender and age in Greece: A study of tourists in Greece, Int. J. Sport Manag. Recreat. Tour. source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“According to previous studies [16,17], the push factors represent the segmentation of a market.”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] Baloglu, 1996, Market segments of Push and pull motivations: A canonical correlation approach, Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manag. source
- Not checked yetcites [17] Oh, 1995, Product bundles and market segments based on travel motivations: A canonical correlation approach, Int. J. Hosp. Manag. source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This may lead many young Greek tourists who try to stay fit on their holidays to prefer natural areas that offer opportunities for both hiking/jogging and photo-shooting.”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The 'instagrammability' of a physical location is the most important factor for millennials in choosing a holiday destination.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, participants were more likely to take up to 2 trips per year (32.1%), or 3-5 trips per year (35.7%).”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 4.3. Sample
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedn = 221Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From a total of 221 participants, 129 (58.4%) identified themselves as female and 92 (41.6%) as male.”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 4.3. Sample
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 221Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The respondents were more likely to have higher or postgraduate education, with a percentage of 48.9% and 38.9%, respectively.”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 4.3. Sample
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedn = 221Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This is in line with previous studies [16,17], showing that tourists who look for opportunities to increase their knowledge and satisfy their intellectual needs want to experience a culture that is different from their own and visit historic old cities.”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] Baloglu, 1996, Market segments of Push and pull motivations: A canonical correlation approach, Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manag. source
- Not checked yetcites [17] Oh, 1995, Product bundles and market segments based on travel motivations: A canonical correlation approach, Int. J. Hosp. Manag. source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It appears that social media content which focuses on activities and sports could attract tourists from all segments of the market, a result that is inconsistent with prior findings from the tourism literature [17].”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [17] Oh, 1995, Product bundles and market segments based on travel motivations: A canonical correlation approach, Int. J. Hosp. Manag. source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Nowadays, tourists are intensely interested in fitness advice and techniques, searching for fitness centers, a fundamental component of the contemporary hospitality experience [71].”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 5. Results and Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [71] Zopiatis, 2017, Quality, satisfaction and customers’ future intention: The case of hotels’ fitness centers in Cyprus, J. Qual. Assur. Hosp. Tour. source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Different populations could be segmented in a different way, formatting dissimilar market segments or push factors.”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 8. Limitations and Future Research
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These two Greek market segments appear to be the most susceptible to social media content focusing on the different types of sustainable tourism.”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 7. Managerial Implications
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As already mentioned, this age group represents the majority of social media users, but a different distribution of the sample may give different results.”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 8. Limitations and Future Research
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The selection of these elements was based on previous studies in which they represented tangible elements that could be found in a destination.”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 8. Limitations and Future Research
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The research was also conducted for the Greek market, so the sample includes tourists who live in Greece.”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 8. Limitations and Future Research
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Their lifestyle and perceptions of health, wellness, and fitness seem to match social media pages which illustrate physical areas and outdoor activities.”
§ Push and Pull Travel Motivation: Segmentation of the Greek Market for Social Media Marketing in Tourism > 7. Managerial Implications
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper relies on this without support.
The topic of the content is the most significant aspect for marketing experts.
“Apart from the type, timing, and length of the content posted on social media, the most significant aspect for marketing experts is considered to be the topic of the content, which means all the creative elements that either portray or describe a feature of a destination.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The role of social media has been neglected in the stream of research on push and pull travel motivation.
“The role of social media has been neglected in the stream of research on push and pull travel motivation.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 'instagrammability' of a physical location is the most important factor for millennials in choosing a holiday destination.
“The”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The push and pull motivation theory can be applied to explain that tourists’ behavioral intentions in health and wellness tourism are driven by motivation [34,35,36].”
From Health and Wellness Tourists’ Motivation and Behavior Intention: The Role of Perceived Value (2023) · cites this paper as [36]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Age effect on activities/sports has the opposite sign in Table 6
MinorThe prose says older respondents are less likely to be influenced, but reports a positive beta of 0.16. Table 6 instead gives the age coefficient for the activities/sports model as −0.16; it also marks it ** (p < 0.01), rather than *** (p < 0.001).
“the older a person is, the less likely they are to be influenced by social media content related to sports activities (Beta = 0.16, p < 0.001).”
“| Age | -0.04 | 0.05 | -0.28 *** | -0.16 ** | -0.12 | -0.03 | 0.04 | 0.06 |”
Maslow citation points to a different reference
MinorThe text cites reference 51 for Maslow's theory, but reference 51 is by Dann; Maslow's book is listed as reference 52.
“Maslow's motivational theory [51], modeled as a pyramid of hierarchical needs, was widely applied in the tourist literature in the early studies that examined tourism motives.”
“51. Dann, G. Anomie, ego-Enhancement and tourism. Ann. Tour. Res. 1977, 4, 184-194.”
Reported R2 values are adjusted R2 values
MinorThe four values described as R2 match the adjusted R2 row of Table 6. The R2 values for the corresponding models are 0.46, 0.44, 0.24, and 0.31, not 0.44, 0.42, 0.22, and 0.28.
“The model for the pull variable "culture/history" interprets 44% (R 2 = 0.44) of its variability, 42% (R 2 = 0.42) for "activities/sports", 22% (R 2 = 0.22) for "nature/outdoors" and 28% (R 2 = 0.28) for "safety/luxury".”
“| R 2 | 0.04 | 0.46 | 0.08 | 0.44 | 0.02 | 0.24 | 0.01 | 0.31 | | Adjusted R 2 | 0.02 | 0.44 | 0.06 | 0.42 | 0.01 | 0.22 | 0 | 0.28 |”
Citations
Cites
Social network sites: definition, history, and scholarship
boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x · Cited by 16,251
Buhalis, D., & Law, R. (2008) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2008.01.005 · Cited by 3,823
Role of social media in online travel information search
Xiang, Z., & Ulrike Gretzel, B. (2009) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2009.02.016 · Cited by 3,722
Yoon, Y., & Uysal, M. (2003) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.08.016 · Cited by 3,694
A model of destination image formation
Baloglu, S., & McCleary, K. W. (1999) · Annals of Tourism Research · doi:10.1016/s0160-7383(99)00030-4 · Cited by 3,563
Motivations for pleasure vacation
Crompton, J. L. (1979) · Annals of Tourism Research · doi:10.1016/0160-7383(79)90004-5 · Cited by 3,534
Electronic word-of-mouth in hospitality and tourism management
Litvin, S. W., Goldsmith, R. E., & Pan, B. (2008) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2007.05.011 · Cited by 3,267
Factors influencing destination image
Palacio, A. B., & Martín‐Santana, J. D. (2004) · Annals of Tourism Research · doi:10.1016/j.annals.2004.01.010 · Cited by 2,719
Anomie, ego-enhancement and tourism
Dann, G. M. S. (1977) · Annals of Tourism Research · doi:10.1016/0160-7383(77)90037-8 · Cited by 2,219
Tourism image, evaluation variables and after purchase behaviour: inter-relationship
Alcañiz, J. E. B., Sánchez, M. I., & Sánchez, J. (2001) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/s0261-5177(01)00035-8 · Cited by 1,991
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Uysal, 1993, Motivation of pleasure travel and tourism, Enc. Hosp. Tour., 21, 798
- Manap, K.A., and Adzharudin, N.A. (2013, January 16–19). The role of user generated content (UGC) in social media for tourism sector. Proceedings of the 2013 WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings, Istanbul, Turkey.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–111 of 111
Travel Motivation Factors to Protected Areas
Mzimela, N. S., Ezeuduji, I. O., Ntshangase, S. D., & Mgabhi, N. Z. (2025) · Sustainable development goals series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-87333-1_8
de Miranda, R. M. R. C. P. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-8417-6.ch015
The Push and Pull Motivation Framework
Uysal, M. (2026) · CABI eBooks · doi:10.1079/9781800625822.0062
Mishra, K., & Dutta, D. (2026) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights · doi:10.1108/jhti-05-2025-0605
Modelling visit satisfaction and tourist travel motivation to protected areas
Mzimela, N. S., Ntshangase, S. D., & Ezeuduji, I. O. (2026) · Cogent Social Sciences · doi:10.1080/23311886.2026.2647669
Srivastava, A., Chikweche, T., & Mohammed, H. (2026) · International Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1002/jtr.70287
Hosseininasab, S. M., Pour, M. H., & Tabrizi, N. (2026) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights · doi:10.1108/jhti-08-2025-1026
Belwal, R., Belwal, S., Morgan, Z., & Badi, L. H. A. (2026) · Consumer Behavior in Tourism and Hospitality · doi:10.1108/cbth-07-2025-0223
Polymeri, N. A., & Ruiz, L. M. (2026) · Visual Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/15551393.2026.2638170
Fitrianna, H., & Suhud, U. (2026) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.70233
NOOSUWAN, T., Visuthismajarn, P., Sangkakorn, K., & Pengsakul, T. (2026) · Tourism Planning & Development · doi:10.1080/21568316.2026.2724302
Metadata
- Authors
- Katsikari, C., Hatzithomas, L., Fotiadis, T., & Folinas, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Macedonia (GR)
- Democritus University of Thrace (GR)
- International Hellenic University (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Hatzithomas, Leonidas
- Venue
- Sustainability
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-06-11
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 4770
- ISSN
- 2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3034831319
- Semantic Scholar
- ccc46c77b12c15accc1bae6dd58b72b6e71a1296
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 18.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management › Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Digital Marketing and Social Media
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management › Hospitality and Tourism Education
- Keywords
- push and pull motivation, tourist motivation, tourist segmentation, social media marketing, tourism promotion, Greek tourism, tourist attraction factors, outbound tourism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
