Mindfulness Abilities Are Associated with Anxiety Levels, Emotional Intelligence, and Perceived Self-Efficacy

Martínez-Pérez, Inés; García-Rodríguez, Almudena; Morales-Rodríguez, Francisco Manuel; Pérez-Mármol, José Manuel

doi:10.3390/su15064729

Cited by 16Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsPsychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionEmotional Intelligence and Performance

Mindfulness Abilities Are Associated with Anxiety Levels, Emotional Intelligence, and Perceived Self-Efficacy

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Martínez-Pérez, Inés, García-Rodríguez, Almudena, Morales-Rodríguez, Francisco Manuel, Pérez-Mármol, José Manuel·2023·Sustainability

DOI 10.3390/su15064729

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Abstract

This study examined the relationship between anxiety, emotional intelligence, perceived self-efficacy, and mindfulness abilities. A total of 205 Spanish university students were assessed for mindfulness (Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory-14), state-trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), emotional intelligence (Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24), and general perceived self-efficacy (General Self-Efficacy Scale). The Student’s t-test was used to evaluate the possible differences between sexes for the study variables. Multiple regression analyses were conducted for each sex independently to evaluate the relationship between mindfulness and the other psychological variables, using mindfulness dimensions as a dependent variable. The results showed significant differences between females and males in mindfulness dimensions of self-control (p < 0.001) and acceptance (p = 0.012), and state (p = 0.005) and trait anxiety (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that the models for the relationship between mindfulness dimensions (attention, self-control, acceptance, and self-perception) and the other variables differed between females and males. Our results suggest that anxiety, emotional intelligence, and general perceived self-efficacy may be related to mindfulness abilities among a sample of Spanish university students. These findings could inform the development of targeted intervention programs to improve these psycho-emotional abilities.

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Mindfulness and anxiety are linked to self-efficacy.
“Both of these factors have been linked to self-efficacy [97, 98]”
From Personalized machine learning guided intervention for optimizing lifestyle behaviors in depression: a pilot study (2026) · cites this paper as [98]
Section 4.4 reports that university students with higher mindfulness had higher general self-efficacy. The passages retrieved for anxiety, including Section 3.3, discuss anxiety and self-efficacy in relation to mindfulness but do not establish a direct link between anxiety and self-efficacy. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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Isidoro-Cabañas, E., & Pérez-Mármol, J. M. (2026) · Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly · doi:10.1123/apaq.2025-0146
Self-citation

Article Mindfulness Abilities Are Associated with Anxiety Levels, Emotional Intelligence, and Perceived Self-Efficacy
Martínez Pérez, I., García-Rodríguez, A., Rodríguez, F. M. M., & Pérez‐Mármol, J. M. (2023) · Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada)
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The Causal Relationship between Mindfulness and PerceivedStress with Mediating Role of Self-efficacy, EmotionalIntelligence and Personality Traits among University Students
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The Role of Anxiety, Coping Strategies, and Emotional Intelligence on General Perceived Self-Efficacy in University Students
Rodríguez, F. M. M., & Pérez‐Mármol, J. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01689 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Self-citation
Relationship between mindfulness, depression, anxiety and stress: Mediating role of self-efficacy
Sharma, P. K., & Kumra, R. (2022) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.111363 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Emotional intelligence and emotional regulation as predictors of anxiety in Peruvian university students
Cabello, R., Vilca-Pareja, V., Yana-Calla, V. R., Zegarra, M. E. R., Gutiérrez-Aguilar, O., & Berrocal, P. F. (2025) · Journal of Further and Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0309877x.2025.2593640 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Authors: Martínez-Pérez, I., García-Rodríguez, A., Morales-Rodríguez, F. M., & Pérez-Mármol, J. M.
Affiliations: Universidad de Granada (ES)
Department of Educational and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
ORCID: Pérez-Mármol, José Manuel
Venue: Sustainability
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2023-03-07
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
Pages: 4729
ISSN: 2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/su15064729
OpenAlex: W4323569324
Cited by: 16
References: 50
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2
FWCI: 4.67
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotional Intelligence and Performance
Keywords: mindfulness, anxiety, emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, state-trait anxiety, gender differences, university students, self-control, acceptance, attention, self-perception

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Mindfulness Abilities Are Associated with Anxiety Levels, Emotional Intelligence, and Perceived Self-Efficacy

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