Cited by 424Sustainable Supply Chain ManagementEnvironmental Sustainability in BusinessSustainability and Innovation in Business

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Circular Business Models: Defining a Concept and Framing an Emerging Research Field

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Nußholz, Julia·2017·Sustainability

DOI 10.3390/su9101810

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Abstract

To aid companies in transitioning towards a circular economy and adopting strategies such as reuse, repair, and remanufacturing, the concept of circular business models has been developed. Although the concept draws on contributions from various academic disciplines, and despite its increasingly frequent use, few scholars clearly define what a circular business model is. Understanding about what makes a business model circular is diverse, hampering the theoretical development and practical application of circular business models. This study aims to help frame the field of circular business model research, by clarifying the fundamentals of the concept from the perspectives of resource efficiency and business model innovation. Expanding on these findings, a review of how the concept is used in recent academic literature is provided. It shows that a coherent view is lacking on which resource efficiency strategies classify a business model as circular. This study clarifies which resource efficiency strategies can be deemed as relevant key strategies for circular business models, and suggests a new definition of the concept. With the definition grounded in analysis of the fundamentals in terms of resource efficiency and business models, the study contributes to theoretical advancement and effective implementation of circular business models.

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Authors: Nußholz, J.
Affiliations: Lund University (SE)
Corresponding author: Nußholz, Julia
ORCID: Nußholz, Julia
Venue: Sustainability
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2017-10-10
Volume: 9
Issue: 10
Pages: 1810
ISSN: 2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/su9101810
OpenAlex: W2761793726
Cited by: 415
References: 58
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 15
FWCI: 48.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Stiftelsen för Miljöstrategisk Forskning
Topics: Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Sustainable Supply Chain Management
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Environmental Sustainability in Business
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Sustainability and Innovation in Business
Keywords: circular business models, circular economy, resource efficiency, business model innovation, reuse, repair, remanufacturing, concept definition, theoretical framework

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Circular Business Models: Defining a Concept and Framing an Emerging Research Field

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